Life Cycle Assessment of the High Performance Discontinuous Fibre (HiPerDiF) Technology and Its Operation in Various Countries

Composite waste is a growing issue due to the increased global demand for products manufactured from these advanced engineering materials. Current reclamation methods produce short length fibres that, if not realigned during remanufacture, result in low-value additives for non-structural application...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sustainability 2022-02, Vol.14 (3), p.1922
Main Authors: Fitzgerald, Amy M., Wong, Nathan, Fitzgerald, Annabel V. L., Jesson, David A., Martin, Ffion, Murphy, Richard J., Young, Tim, Hamerton, Ian, Longana, Marco L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Additives
Air pollution
Carbon
Composite materials
Electricity
Emissions
Energy consumption
Energy demand
Energy sources
Environmental degradation
Environmental impact
Fiber composites
Fibers
Fuel combustion
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Inventory
Landfill
Manufacturing
New technology
Pollutants
Production methods
R&D
Realignment
Reclamation
Recycling
Remanufacturing
Research & development
Sustainability
Water consumption
Water reuse
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Summary:Composite waste is a growing issue due to the increased global demand for products manufactured from these advanced engineering materials. Current reclamation methods produce short length fibres that, if not realigned during remanufacture, result in low-value additives for non-structural applications. Consequently, to maximise the economic and functional potential, fibre realignment must occur. The High Performance Discontinuous Fibre (HiPerDiF) technology is a novel process that produces highly aligned discontinuous fibre-reinforced composites, which largely meet the structural performance of virgin fibres, but to date, the environmental performance of the machine is yet to be quantified. This study assessed the environmental impacts of the operation of the machine using life cycle assessment methodology. Electrical energy consumption accounts for the majority of the greenhouse gas emissions, with water consumption as the main contributor to ecosystem quality damage. Suggestions have been made to reduce energy demand and reuse the water in order to reduce the overall environmental impact. The hypothetical operation of the machine across different European countries was also examined to understand the impacts associated with bulk material transport and electricity from different energy sources. It was observed that the environmental impact showed an inverse correlation with the increased use of renewable sources for electricity generation due to a reduction in air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion. The analysis also revealed that significant reductions in environmental damage from material transport between the reclamation facility to the remanufacturing site should also be accounted for, and concluded that transportation routes predominantly via shipping have a lower environmental impact than road and rail haulage. This study is one of the first attempts to evaluate the environmental impact of this new technology at early conceptual development and to assess how it would operate in a European scenario.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su14031922