Chemistry, abundance, detection and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water: a review

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a wide range of compounds containing carbon–fluorine bonds. Due the strength of this bond and the high electronegativity of fluorine atoms, PFAS display stability, wettability and other characteristics that are unique for industrial applications a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental chemistry letters 2022-02, Vol.20 (1), p.661-679
Main Authors: Dadashi Firouzjaei, Mostafa, Zolghadr, Ehsan, Ahmadalipour, Shahin, Taghvaei, Nastaran, Akbari Afkhami, Farhad, Nejati, Siamak, Elliott, Mark A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical Chemistry
Bonding strength
Chemical bonds
Chemical synthesis
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Electronegativity
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental effects
Fluorine
Geochemistry
Industrial applications
Perfluoroalkyl & polyfluoroalkyl substances
Pollution
Review
Water purification
Wettability
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Summary:Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a wide range of compounds containing carbon–fluorine bonds. Due the strength of this bond and the high electronegativity of fluorine atoms, PFAS display stability, wettability and other characteristics that are unique for industrial applications and products. However, PFAS induce adverse effects on the environment and human health. Here we review the chemistry, synthesis, properties, analysis, occurrence in water, filtration, removal and oxydation of PFAS.  We highlight emerging hybrid treatments to remove PFAS from water.
ISSN:1610-3653
1610-3661
DOI:10.1007/s10311-021-01340-6