Feedstocks, catalysts, process variables and techniques for biodiesel production by one-pot extraction-transesterification: a review

Biodiesel is a sustainable alternative to petroleum diesel. The main bottlenecks in the commercialization of biodiesel are production costs and suitable industrial techniques to process feedstocks. This can be solved by one-pot extraction-transesterification of cheap, low-quality feedstocks. Here we...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental chemistry letters 2022-02, Vol.20 (1), p.335-378
Main Authors: Ahmed, Mukhtar, Abdullah, Anas, Patle, Dipesh S., Shahadat, Mohammad, Ahmad, Zainal, Athar, Moina, Aslam, Mohammad, Vo, Dai-Viet N.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetyl chloride
Analytical Chemistry
Biodiesel fuels
Biofuels
Calcium
Calcium oxide
Catalysis
Catalysts
Commercialization
Diesel
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Geochemistry
Hydroxides
Irradiation
Lime
Marketing
Microorganisms
Operating costs
Petroleum
Pollution
Process variables
Production costs
Raw materials
Review
Seed crops
Sodium
Sodium hydroxide
Transesterification
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Summary:Biodiesel is a sustainable alternative to petroleum diesel. The main bottlenecks in the commercialization of biodiesel are production costs and suitable industrial techniques to process feedstocks. This can be solved by one-pot extraction-transesterification of cheap, low-quality feedstocks. Here we review one-pot extraction-transesterification using agricultural seed crops, oleaginous microbial biomass and biological refuse, with focus on catalysis. Catalysts such as acetyl chloride, sodium hydroxide, sulphonated rice husk and calcium oxide have shown to be efficient with conversion in the range of 95–100%. We present intensification techniques such as microwave irradiation, ultrasonication, coupled microwave and ultrasound, thermally assisted and solvothermal processes.
ISSN:1610-3653
1610-3661
DOI:10.1007/s10311-021-01358-w