Vis-NIR Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Methods for the Discrimination of Transgenic Brassica napus L. and Their Hybrids with B. juncea

The rapid advancement of genetically modified (GM) technology over the years has raised concerns about the safety of GM crops and foods for human health and the environment. Gene flow from GM crops may be a threat to the environment. Therefore, it is critical to develop reliable, rapid, and low-cost...

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Published in:Processes 2022-02, Vol.10 (2), p.240
Main Authors: Sohn, Soo-In, Pandian, Subramani, Oh, Young-Ju, Zaukuu, John-Lewis, Lee, Yong-Ho, Shin, Eun-Kyoung, Kang, Hyeon-Jung, Ryu, Tae-Hun, Cho, Woo-Suk, Cho, Youn-Sung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brassica
Brassica napus
Chemometrics
Crops
Deep learning
Discrimination
Flowers & plants
Gene flow
Genetic modification
Hybrids
Infrared spectroscopy
Learning algorithms
Machine learning
Near infrared radiation
Seeds
Soybeans
Spectrum analysis
Support vector machines
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Summary:The rapid advancement of genetically modified (GM) technology over the years has raised concerns about the safety of GM crops and foods for human health and the environment. Gene flow from GM crops may be a threat to the environment. Therefore, it is critical to develop reliable, rapid, and low-cost technologies for detecting and monitoring the presence of GM crops and crop products. Here, we used visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy to distinguish between GM and non-GM Brassica napus, B. juncea, and F1 hybrids (B. juncea X GM B. napus). The Vis-NIR spectra were preprocessed with different preprocessing methods, namely normalization, standard normal variate, and Savitzky–Golay. Both raw and preprocessed spectra were used in combination with eight different chemometric methods for the effective discrimination of GM and non-GM plants. The standard normal variate and support vector machine combination was determined to be the most accurate model in the discrimination of GM, non-GM, and hybrid plants among the many combinations (99.4%). The use of deep learning in combination with Savitzky–Golay resulted in 99.1% classification accuracy. According to the findings, it is concluded that handheld Vis-NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analyses could be used to distinguish between GM and non-GM B. napus, B. juncea, and F1 hybrids.
ISSN:2227-9717
2227-9717
DOI:10.3390/pr10020240