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THREATS TO THE BIODIVERSITY OF THE BRAZILIAN PANTANAL DUE TO LAND USE AND OCCUPATION

Abstract The Pantanal is a wetland located in the central region of South America (150,355 km2), mainly in Brazil (nearly 140,000 km2), touching Paraguay and Bolivia. The floodplain is fed by the Paraguay River and its tributaries, where the headwater of the rivers is located on the surrounding upla...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ambiente & sociedade 2019, Vol.22
Main Authors: ALHO, CLEBER J. R., MAMEDE, SIMONE B., BENITES, MARISTELA, ANDRADE, BRUNA S., SEPÚLVEDA, JOSE J. O.
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Abstract The Pantanal is a wetland located in the central region of South America (150,355 km2), mainly in Brazil (nearly 140,000 km2), touching Paraguay and Bolivia. The floodplain is fed by the Paraguay River and its tributaries, where the headwater of the rivers is located on the surrounding upland. Only 40% of this plateau retains its natural vegetation. Although the natural habitats of the Pantanal are still considered well preserved, retaining 80% of the vegetation cover, the biome faces environmental and socioeconomic threats that affect its biodiversity. The seasonal flux of the rivers is a fundamental ecological element for regional biodiversity. Habitat alteration and deforestation have affected terrestrial and aquatic habitats and their associated wildlife. This work identifies and analyses the threats to biodiversity considering land use, based on research experience in the region plus field work. Based on this, it discusses a strategic action plan for the biome’s biodiversity. Resumen El Pantanal es una enorme planicie de inundación (150,355 km2) en Suramérica central. Se extiende por las fronteras entre Paraguay, Bolivia y Brasil (140,000 km2). Con inundación estacional es alimentado por el rio Paraguay y sus tributarios, incluyendo nacientes en mesetas que lo contornan y donde apenas resta 40% de la vegetación nativa. La relación del flujo hídrico mesetas-planicies es fundamental para el ciclo biogeoquímico de nutrientes y para la productividad del ecosistema. Aunque el Pantanal aún mantenga el 80% de su cobertura vegetal nativa, enfrenta amenazas ambientales y socioeconómicas que afectan su biodiversidad. Destrucción y alteración de hábitats están degradando los ambientes terrestres y acuáticos. Esta investigación identifica y analiza las amenazas a la biodiversidad, considerando el uso y ocupación del suelo, empleando la experiencia de años estudiando la región y trabajos de campo recientes. Con esa base se proponen estrategias de conservación para la biodiversidad del bioma. Resumo O Pantanal é uma área úmida no centro da América do Sul (150.355 km2), principalmente no Brasil (140.000 km2), tocando o Paraguai e a Bolívia. Planície sazonalmente inundável, é alimentada pelo rio Paraguai e seus tributários, com suas nascentes no planalto do entorno, o qual conta apenas com 40% da vegetação natural remanescente. A relação do fluxo hídrico planalto-planície é fundamental para o ciclo biogeoquímico de nutrientes e para a produtividade ecossistê
ISSN:1414-753X
1809-4422
DOI:10.1590/1809-4422asoc201701891vu2019l3ao