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Cascade JT systems with single-component refrigerants for hydrogen liquefaction

•Hydrogen liquefaction systems without cryogenic expander are investigated.•Cascade JT systems with single-component refrigerants are suitable for large-scale liquefaction.•Modified Linde-Hampson systems with a variety of pre-cooling cycles are optimized.•A reasonably high efficiency can be achieved...

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Published in:Cryogenics (Guildford) 2022-01, Vol.121, p.103410, Article 103410
Main Authors: Chang, Ho-Myung, Park, Min Gyun
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Language:English
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description •Hydrogen liquefaction systems without cryogenic expander are investigated.•Cascade JT systems with single-component refrigerants are suitable for large-scale liquefaction.•Modified Linde-Hampson systems with a variety of pre-cooling cycles are optimized.•A reasonably high efficiency can be achieved with the optimized cascade JT systems. A thermodynamic study is carried out for hydrogen liquefaction with cascade Joule-Thomson (JT) systems, which do not require any expansion machines. Since there is no moving part at cryogenic temperatures, the cascade JT systems have a potential advantage of high reliability and easy scale-up of liquefaction capacity, as demonstrated in the full-scale LNG plants under operation. A variety of combinations for pre-cooling JT cycles with single-component refrigerants (including neon, nitrogen, argon, oxygen, hydrocarbons, and ammonia) are investigated to estimate the figure of merit (FOM) as a performance index of liquefaction. In every JT cycle, the pressure levels are optimized to maximize the FOM with a process simulator (Aspen HYSYS) and real properties of working fluids (NIST REFPROP). It is rigorously shown that the cascade JT systems can achieve a reasonably high FOM, if the irreversibility below 77 K is effectively reduced. A few suitable cascade systems for large-capacity hydrogen liquefaction are identified, and the details of optimized cycles are presented.
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A thermodynamic study is carried out for hydrogen liquefaction with cascade Joule-Thomson (JT) systems, which do not require any expansion machines. Since there is no moving part at cryogenic temperatures, the cascade JT systems have a potential advantage of high reliability and easy scale-up of liquefaction capacity, as demonstrated in the full-scale LNG plants under operation. A variety of combinations for pre-cooling JT cycles with single-component refrigerants (including neon, nitrogen, argon, oxygen, hydrocarbons, and ammonia) are investigated to estimate the figure of merit (FOM) as a performance index of liquefaction. In every JT cycle, the pressure levels are optimized to maximize the FOM with a process simulator (Aspen HYSYS) and real properties of working fluids (NIST REFPROP). It is rigorously shown that the cascade JT systems can achieve a reasonably high FOM, if the irreversibility below 77 K is effectively reduced. 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A thermodynamic study is carried out for hydrogen liquefaction with cascade Joule-Thomson (JT) systems, which do not require any expansion machines. Since there is no moving part at cryogenic temperatures, the cascade JT systems have a potential advantage of high reliability and easy scale-up of liquefaction capacity, as demonstrated in the full-scale LNG plants under operation. A variety of combinations for pre-cooling JT cycles with single-component refrigerants (including neon, nitrogen, argon, oxygen, hydrocarbons, and ammonia) are investigated to estimate the figure of merit (FOM) as a performance index of liquefaction. In every JT cycle, the pressure levels are optimized to maximize the FOM with a process simulator (Aspen HYSYS) and real properties of working fluids (NIST REFPROP). It is rigorously shown that the cascade JT systems can achieve a reasonably high FOM, if the irreversibility below 77 K is effectively reduced. 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source ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Ammonia
Argon
Cascade system
Cryogenic temperature
Figure of merit
Hydrogen liquefaction
JT cycle
Liquefaction
Liquefied natural gas
Neon
Performance indices
Refrigerants
Single-component refrigerant
System effectiveness
Working fluids
title Cascade JT systems with single-component refrigerants for hydrogen liquefaction
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