Optimization of Gate Voltage in Capacitive DC-DC Converters for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

This article presents a fully integrated charge pump with optimized gate voltages for energy harvesting applications. In this article, design tradeoffs of gate voltages in low input voltage capacitive dc-dc converter designs are discussed and analyzed. The analysis shows that these tradeoffs can res...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems 2022-04, Vol.30 (4), p.463-473
Main Authors: Tan, Yi, Shiiki, Yohsuke, Ishikuro, Hiroki
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Capacitive dc–dc converter
charge pump
Charge pumps
Electric potential
Energy conversion efficiency
Energy harvesting
Logic gates
Optimization
Tradeoffs
Transistors
Voltage
Voltage control
Voltage converters (DC to DC)
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Summary:This article presents a fully integrated charge pump with optimized gate voltages for energy harvesting applications. In this article, design tradeoffs of gate voltages in low input voltage capacitive dc-dc converter designs are discussed and analyzed. The analysis shows that these tradeoffs can result in an optimum point where power losses can be minimized. Hence, gate voltage optimization is proposed to improve the power conversion efficiency. To prove the concept, five- and three-stage charge pumps with optimized gate voltages are implemented with the 180-nm CMOS technique. Down to 0.12-/0.13-V startup voltages are achieved by the proposed five-/three-stages design correspondingly. Comparing it with a similar three-stage linear charge pump in previous state-of-the-art research, a 20% peak power conversion efficiency improvement is achieved by the proposed design under the same 0.18-V input voltage.
ISSN:1063-8210
1557-9999
DOI:10.1109/TVLSI.2022.3141909