Nanotechnological Approach in Combating Pesticide Induced Fish Toxicity: Pros and Cons Controversy

• Published in: Proceedings of the Zoological Society 2022, Vol.75 (1), p.1-15
• Main Authors: Sow, Priyanka, Samadder, Asmita
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal Anatomy; Animal Genetics and Genomics; Aquatic ecosystems; Bioaccumulation; Biodegradability; Biodiversity; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Conservation Biology/Ecology; Cytotoxicity; DNA damage; Health hazards; Histology; Life Sciences; Morphology; Nanoparticles; Pesticides; Polylactide-co-glycolide; Review Article; Toxicity; Zoology
• ISSN: 0373-5893; 0974-6919
• DOI: 10.1007/s12595-021-00421-2

Pesticide usage is increasing daily leading to destruction of aquatic ecosystems. Consumption of pesticide bio-accumulated fish and other aquatic edibles leads to several health hazards in human. Scientists are trying hard to fulfil the demand of the farmers and have emphasised on the formulation and use of advance form of pesticide also known as nano-pesticide. However, the issue of pesticide-related health hazard owing to its continuous accumulation and transformation has been quite alarming in-spite of restriction rules for its usage. This review aims in pointing out and compares the effects of pesticide and nano-pesticides-induced toxicity in fish and tries to figure out a possible effective way towards reducing pesticide consumed health issues of human race. Through various literature surveys we have tried to club the toxicological impact of pesticides and nano-pesticides in fish body as observed by DNA damage, cellular cytotoxicity, hepatic injury by bioaccumulation in tissue and alteration in behavioural, physiological, biochemical parameters in one platform. Additionally, an alternative phyto-based remedy was also surveyed with special emphasis on PLGA nanocarrier system to formulate nano-particles which was not only non-toxic when delivered in fish body but also biodegradable in nature and thus was found to be a promising way to control the extreme level of health hazard issues due to pesticidal effect. Thus, the phyto-based nano-formulations might serve as one of the most potential alternative strategy in addressing all the global issue of pesticide toxicity.