How does germinated rice impact starch structure, products and nutrional evidences? – A review

• Published in: Trends in food science & technology 2022-04, Vol.122, p.13-23
• Main Authors: Oliveira, Maria Eugenia Araujo Silva, Coimbra, Pedro Paulo Saldanha, Galdeano, Melicia Cintia, Carvalho, Carlos Wanderlei Piler, Takeiti, Cristina Yoshie
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-inflammatory agents; Bioactive compounds; Biological activity; Blood glucose; Carbohydrates; Carcinogenesis; Carcinogens; Cereals; Digestibility; Food technology; Germination; Germination process; Health risks; Human health; Inflammation; Oryza sativa; Oxidative stress; Pathogenesis; Phenolic acids; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Rice; Sensory properties; Starch; Visibility; γ-Aminobutyric acid
• ISSN: 0924-2244; 1879-3053
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.015

In recent years, germination is used as a tool that improves nutritional quality of cereals by increasing digestibility and concentration of bioactive compounds, and thereby, gaining visibility concerning to reducing of risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Germination promotes the enzymatic modification of carbohydrates especially relating to starch-polyphenol interactions that could be used in glycaemic control. The Web of Science database was searched for studies published between 1992 and 2021 in order to investigate the relationship among germination, starch and health benefits. The aim of this review is to reinforce and summarize the impact of germination on starch modifications, technological approaches, niche products and evidence of nutritional benefits. Germination is a process that modifies starch digestibility and improves bioactive compounds especially phenolic acids, may delivering important nutritional and technological characteristics (starch-phenolic interactions) that impact on physiological performance (delayed digestibility and glycaemia control). In addition, germinated rice shows GABAergic effects and anti-inflammatory activity and it can mediate oxidative stress-related pathogenesis and carcinogenesis. In light of this evidence, the role of food technology is to develop processes in order to obtain products that deliver low glycaemic index (GI) as well as high phenolic content with good sensory attributes. [Display omitted] •Rice is an important staple food crop to deliver nutrients broadly.•Germination improves phenolic acids, lipophilic antioxidants and neurotransmitter.•Starch-polyphenols interaction play an important role in starch digestibility.•Rice metabolites exert hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity.•Food processing is an efficient tool in order to delay starch digestibility.