Low-energy buildings in combination with grid decarbonization, life cycle assessment of passive house buildings in Northern Ireland

• Published in: Energy and buildings 2022-04, Vol.261, p.111936, Article 111936
• Main Authors: Norouzi, Masoud, Colclough, Shane, Jiménez, Laureano, Gavaldà, Jordi, Boer, Dieter
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Climate change; Construction materials; Decarbonization; Dwellings; Electricity; Electricity mix; End of life; Energy; Energy-efficient building; Environmental impact; Environmental impacts; Environmental performance; Global warming; Green buildings; Life cycle analysis; Life cycle assessment; Life cycles; Materials selection; Reduction; Renewable energy
• ISSN: 0378-7788; 1872-6178
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111936

[Display omitted] •Environmental performance is assessed for low-energy/passive house dwellings.•The current and future Northern Ireland electricity mix scenarios are analyzed.•Employing passive-house standards could reduce the building’s environmental impact.•The electricity decarbonization leads to a significant reduction of GWP.•Further environmental benefits can be ensured by focusing on the material market. This paper implements a Life Cycle Assessment of several low-energy/passive house buildings located in Northern Ireland. This work aims (i) to assess the environmental performance of the buildings and (ii) to evaluate the effect of electricity decarbonization on the dwellings’ global warming potential (GWP). Three different future electricity mix scenarios have been used and compared to a static scenario where the current electricity mix remains constant. The LCA results of the static scenario reveal that applying passive-house standards could reduce the impact of dwellings while it does not necessarily provide a positive environmental outcome. The building operation phase contributed the most to the environmental impact, while negligible impact comes from the end-of-life stage. The electricity decarbonization leads to a significant reduction of GWP in all cases, with the highest value achieved for the passive house using the highest share of electricity, 58%-70% GWP reduction compared to the static scenario. Moreover, electricity decarbonization increases the relative share of the production stage to the overall building emission. Therefore, close attention should be paid to construction material selection in any effort aiming to achieve further environmental benefits. The buildings' environmental and operational energy performances were also compared to the RIBA 2030 Climate Challenge.