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Numerical study on the style of delamination

Delamination of the lower crust or lithospheric mantle is one explanation for the surface uplift observed in areas of mountain building. This process describes the removal of the lower part of the tectonic plate and can occur in various ways. Different styles of delamination typically have in common...

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Published in:Tectonophysics 2022-03, Vol.827, p.229276, Article 229276
Main Authors: Stein, Claudia, Comeau, Matthew J., Becken, Michael, Hansen, Ulrich
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description Delamination of the lower crust or lithospheric mantle is one explanation for the surface uplift observed in areas of mountain building. This process describes the removal of the lower part of the tectonic plate and can occur in various ways. Different styles of delamination typically have in common that the upper material (e.g., lowermost crust or lithospheric mantle) is denser than the underlying material (e.g., asthenosphere) and therefore sinks. It has been proposed that the higher density can be caused by the formation of eclogite. In this study we apply a thermomechanical model featuring a density increase within the lithosphere by a phase transition. The model setup is designed to investigate surface uplift and mountain building in an intracontinental setting. Specifically, the model is arranged to closely resemble central Mongolia. The models give insights into the dynamically evolving flow field with respect to the style of removal, therefore the general outcome is also applicable to other orogenic regions. In addition to a systematic study on the phase transition, we also investigate the influence of convergent motion and of the rheology of the crust. Our results reveal that for the absence of a dense (eclogite) layer, delamination initially occurs as a stationary Rayleigh-Taylor instability which appears as a late and short-lived event. In comparison, for a strong density contrast an early, long-lived peeling-off removal style with a stationary slab results. The subsequent asthenospheric upwelling causes further peeling-off events for all density contrasts. For this removal style a retreating slab is observed that occasionally breaks off giving way to a periodic behaviour. The findings confirm that a strong convergence and low viscosity of the crust promote delamination. In addition, the asthenospheric upwelling yields a wide and flat surface uplift. Such dome-like features are observed to be more pronounced for high density contrasts (i.e., strong eclogitisation). •We analyse styles of delamination occuring in the presence of a phase transition.•Strong density contrasts yield a long-lived peeling-off style and a stationary slab.•Low density contrasts lead to stationary Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities.•Peeling-off events due to an upwelling flow show a retreating behaviour.•Removal initiation and duration are discussed for varying plate parameters.
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subjects Asthenosphere
Convergence
Delamination
Density
Eclogite
Flat surfaces
Lithosphere
Modelling
Mountains
Numerical modelling
Ocean circulation
Orogeny
Peeling
phase transition
Phase transitions
Plate tectonics
Plates (tectonics)
Rayleigh-Taylor instability
Removal
Rheological properties
Rheology
Taylor instability
Thermomechanical analysis
Uplift
Upwelling
Viscosity
title Numerical study on the style of delamination
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