The impact of diagenesis on the reservoir quality of the early Cretaceous Lower Goru sandstones in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

• Published in: Journal of petroleum exploration and production technology 2022-05, Vol.12 (5), p.1437-1452
• Main Authors: Dar, Qamar UZ Zaman, Pu, Renhai, Baiyegunhi, Christopher, Shabeer, Ghulam, Ali, Rana Imran, Ashraf, Umar, Sajid, Zulqarnain, Mehmood, Mubashir
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Basins; Cementation; Chlorite; Cores; Cretaceous; Diagenesis; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Energy Systems; Geology; Industrial and Production Engineering; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Offshore Engineering; Oil exploration; Original Paper-Exploration Geology; Porosity; Properties; Recrystallization; Reservoirs; Rock properties; Rocks; Sandstone; Sedimentary rocks; X-ray diffraction
• ISSN: 2190-0558; 2190-0566
• DOI: 10.1007/s13202-021-01415-8

The sandstone units of the Early Cretaceous Lower Goru Formation are significant reservoir for gas, oil, and condensates in the Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan. Even though these sandstones are significant reservoir rocks for hydrocarbon exploration, the diagenetic controls on the reservoir properties of the sandstones are poorly documented. For effective exploration, production, and appraisal of a promising reservoir, the diagenesis and reservoir properties must be comprehensively analyzed first. For this study, core samples from depths of more than 3100 m from the KD-01 well within the central division of the basin have been studied. These sandstones were analyzed using petrographic, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopic analyses to unravel diagenetic impacts on reservoir properties of the sandstone. Medium to coarse-grained and well-sorted sandstone have been identified during petrographic study. The sandstone are categorized as arkose and lithic arkose. Principal diagenetic events which have resulted in changing the primary characters of the sandstones are compaction, cementation, dissolution, and mineral replacement. The observed diagenetic processes can be grouped into early, burial, and late diagenesis. Chlorite is the dominant diagenetic constituent that occurs as rims, coatings, and replacing grains. The early phase of coating of authigenic chlorite has preserved the primary porosity. The recrystallization of chlorite into chamosite has massively reduced the original pore space because of its bridging structure. The current study reveals that diagenetic processes have altered the original rock properties and reservoir characteristics of the Lower Goru sandstone. These preliminary outcomes of this study have great potential to improve the understanding of diagenetic process and their impact on reservoir properties of the Lower Goru sandstone in the Lower Indus Basin and adjoining areas.