Zn-doped Pb/Sn hybrid perovskite solar cells: Towards high photovoltaic performance

[Display omitted] •Zn cation was successfully incorporated in the low-yield CH3NH3Sn0.25Pb0.75I3 perovskite.•3% Zn-doping caused a significant increase in grain size (about 1 µm), and crystalline quality of the perovskite layers.•The conductivity of CH3NH3Pb1-0.25-ySn0.25ZnyI3-2yCl2y converts from n...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Solar energy 2022-04, Vol.236, p.63-74
Main Authors: Badrooj, Mohammad, Jamali-Sheini, Farid, Torabi, Naeimeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Doping
Grain size
Lead
Low toxic
Optoelectronic performance
Pb/Sn hybrid perovskite solar cells
Perovskites
Photovoltaic cells
Photovoltaics
Physical properties
Radiative recombination
Recombination
Solar cells
Solar energy
Tin
Toxicity
Zinc
Zn-doped
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Zn cation was successfully incorporated in the low-yield CH3NH3Sn0.25Pb0.75I3 perovskite.•3% Zn-doping caused a significant increase in grain size (about 1 µm), and crystalline quality of the perovskite layers.•The conductivity of CH3NH3Pb1-0.25-ySn0.25ZnyI3-2yCl2y converts from n- to p-type at y = 0.03.•The highest photovoltaic performance was observed in the 3% Zn with an efficiency of 11.68%. Achieving a low-toxicity mixed Sn/Pb halide perovskite solar cell with the higher performance and lower cost is still a major challenge. Furthermore, the element Zn was incorporated as a substitute cation for the toxic element Pb into the CH3NH3Sn0.25Pb0.75I3 perovskite compound, as a result of its significant properties such as non-toxic nature, inability to oxidize, and abundance on earth. Thus, the structures of Zn-doped Pb/Sn hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were introduced and studied. The results showed that 3% Zn-doping improved the crystal quality and surface coverage, increased the grain size (up to about 1 µm), and reduced the non-radiative recombination mechanism by increasing the lifetime of carriers. In general, it significantly improved the photovoltaic performance of this type of solar cell. In particular, CH3NH3Pb0.72Sn0.25 Zn0.03I2.94Cl0.06 compound with a yield of 11.68% showed the highest photovoltaic performance with the lowest Pb compared to the sample without Zn-doping (Zn-0%) with a yield of 4.30%. The findings provide a new area for further research on lead-reduced hybrid perovskite solar cells.
ISSN:0038-092X
1471-1257
DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2022.02.034