Wild and Rare Self-Incompatibility Allele S17 Found in 24 Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars

• Published in: Plant molecular biology reporter 2022-06, Vol.40 (2), p.376-388
• Main Authors: Kivistik, Agnes, Jakobson, Liina, Kahu, Kersti, Laanemets, Kristiina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alleles; Bioinformatics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cherries; Cultivars; Diploids; Fruits; Genotypes; Incompatibility; Infertility; Life Sciences; Loci; Metabolomics; Original Article; Plant breeding; Plant Breeding/Biotechnology; Plant reproduction; Plant Sciences; Pollination; Pollinators; Population genetics; Proteomics; Prunus avium; Self-incompatibility
• ISSN: 0735-9640; 1572-9818
• DOI: 10.1007/s11105-021-01327-1

The pollination of self-incompatible diploid sweet cherry is determined by the S-locus alleles. We resolved the S-alleles of 50 sweet cherry cultivars grown in Estonia and determined their incompatibility groups, which were previously unknown for most of the tested cultivars. We used consensus primers SI-19/20, SI-31/32, PaConsI, and PaConsII followed by allele-specific primers and sequencing to identify sweet cherry S-genotypes. Surprisingly, 48% (24/50) of the tested cultivars, including 17 Estonian cultivars, carry the rare S-allele S 17 , which had initially been described in wild sweet cherries in Belgium and Germany. The S 17 -allele in Estonian cultivars could originate from ‘Leningradskaya tchernaya’ (S 6 |S 17 ), which has been extensively used in Estonian sweet cherry breeding. Four studied cultivars carrying S 17 are partly self-compatible, whereas the other 20 cultivars with S 17 have not been reported to be self-compatible. The recommended pollinator of seven self-incompatible sweet cherries is of the same S-genotype, including four with S 17 -allele, suggesting heritable reduced effectiveness of self-infertility. We classified the newly genotyped sweet cherry cultivars into 15 known incompatibility groups, and we proposed four new incompatibility groups, 64–67, for S-locus genotypes S 3 |S 17 , S 4 |S 17 , S 5 |S 17 , and S 6 |S 17 , respectively, which makes them excellent pollinators all across Europe. Alternatively, the frequency of S 17 might be underestimated in Eastern European populations and some currently unidentified sweet cherry S-alleles might potentially be S 17 .