Green synthesis and characterization of CuO nanoparticles using Panicum sumatrense grains extract for biological applications

• Published in: Applied nanoscience 2022, Vol.12 (6), p.1993-2021
• Main Authors: Velsankar, K., Parvathy, G., Mohandoss, S., Kumar, R. Mohan, Sudhahar, S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anticancer properties; Antioxidants; Biocompatibility; Biological effects; Chemistry and Materials Science; Copper; Copper oxides; Crystallites; Diffraction patterns; Electron micrographs; Fourier transforms; Gas chromatography; Insecticides; Insects; Larvae; Mass spectrometry; Materials Science; Medical materials; Membrane Biology; Metal oxides; Nanochemistry; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Nanotechnology and Microengineering; Original Article; Toxicity; Visible spectrum
• ISSN: 2190-5509; 2190-5517
• DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02441-6

There is a need for developing eco-friendly, cost-effective materials in medical, biological, and agricultural fields, now, the problem can be resolved using environment-friendly green approached metal oxide nanoparticles were used. Therefore, the CuO nanoparticles were biosynthesized using Panicum sumatrense grains aqueous extract for the first time. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed the diethyl phthalate (99.18%) was the major active phytocompound in the grains extract. The biosynthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques. The UV–visible spectrum revealed the surface Plasmon resonance band of CuO nanoparticles at 305 nm. X-ray diffraction pattern showed the high crystalline nature of nanoparticles and their mean crystallite size was at 25 nm. Fourier transform infra-red spectrum exposed the Cu–O stretching vibrational bands at 830 and 510 cm −1 . The high resolution transmission electron micrographs illustrated the cluster of rectangular shaped nanoparticles and their average particle size was in between 15 and 35 nm. The energy dispersive spectrum and mapping analyses showed the major presence of Cu and O in nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity and its SEM images revealed the bactericidal characteristics of CuO nanoparticles against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at 150 μg/mL concentration. The maximum zone of inhibition of nanoparticles against S. typhi and S. aureus bacterial cells were 22 and 26 mm, respectively. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic analyses indicated the effectual biological activities at 98.25, 92.65, and 89.10% in 80 μg/mL concentration of CuO nanoparticles, respectively. The morphological and tissue changes in Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito larvae and Tribolium castaneum insect revealed the effective larvicidal and insecticidal activity of CuO nanoparticles. The maximum mortality of larvae and insect by CuO nanoparticles were 100 ppm at 48 h and 100 μg/Kg at 48, 72 h, 75 μg/Kg at 72 h, respectively. The anticancer activity divulged the effectual inhibition (95.69%) of CuO nanoparticles against MCF-7 breast cancer cells in low IC 50 value at 11.49 μg/mL. The activity against L929 (fibroblast) normal cells showed non-toxicity of CuO nanoparticles to normal cells. The plant growth analysis explained the efficient growth of Vigna mungo plant at 60 ppm concentration of CuO nanoparticles. As per the results, the synthesized CuO