Social anxiety and online social interaction

• Published in: Australian psychologist 2021-03, Vol.56 (2), p.142-153
• Main Authors: Hutchins, Nicholas, Allen, Andrew, Curran, Michelle, Kannis-Dymand, Lee
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anxiety; Anxiety disorders; Cognitive ability; Cognitive models; Cognitive theory; Fear; Internet; Internet use; Mental health; online behaviour; Social anxiety; Social interaction; Social interactions; Social networks; social phobia; wellbeing
• ISSN: 0005-0067; 1742-9544
• DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1890977

Objective: Clark and Wells cognitive model of social anxiety has significant empirical support and has informed evidence-based treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder. However, to date, research for this model is related to face-to-face social interactions. Considering the increased rates of Internet use and social media worldwide, this study aimed to examine the utility of this model regarding online social interactions, the role of Internet use as an avoidance strategy for face-to-face interactions, and the relationship between social anxiety, online social interactions, and wellbeing. Method: A 109 individuals were recruited via social media to complete a battery of self-report questionnaires assessing social anxiety and Internet use. Results: The findings support the cognitive model of Social Anxiety Disorder and lend support to its relevance in online social interactions. Furthermore, we found that individuals with a high level of social anxiety experience fewer negative social cognitions, less fear of negative evaluation, and prefer online social communication compared to face-to-face communication. However, social anxiety was not significantly associated with Internet use. In contrast to previous research, online social interaction was related to poorer wellbeing regardless of social anxiety. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Internet use and social anxiety related to online social interactions may be important areas for mental health assessment. Despite study limitations, our findings encourage future research in this area. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Social Anxiety Disorder is a prominent and chronic mental health problem. Clark and Wells ( 1995 ) cognitive model of social anxiety has significant empirical support for face-to-face interactions. Social Anxiety Disorder is associated with problematic Internet use. What this topic adds: Key aspects of the cognitive model for social anxiety were supported for online social situations. Individuals with social anxiety may be less likely to experience negative social cognitions and fear of negative evaluation while socialising online. Social anxiety symptoms are associated with a preference for online social interaction and Internet use as an avoidance strategy.