Cybergenetics: Theory and Applications of Genetic Control Systems

• Published in: Proceedings of the IEEE 2022-05, Vol.110 (5), p.631-658
• Main Author: Khammash, Mustafa H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biological control; Biological information theory; Biotechnology; Control systems; Control systems design; control theory; cybergenetics; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Design; DNA; Dynamical systems; Evolution (biology); Gene sequencing; genetic control systems; Genetics; Medical treatment; Organisms; synthetic biology
• ISSN: 0018-9219; 1558-2256
• DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2022.3170599

There is no design template more important than DNA. Within the sequences of this exquisite substance lie the design plans for each of us and for every living organism. Shaped over billions of years by the creative machinations of evolution, this design template encodes the most complex dynamical systems known to us. Yet, it is only in our lifetimes that we are able to directly edit this template and engineer our own designs. The story that I tell in this article is about our early attempts to design and commission our own control systems in living cells. Guided by what we have learned from controlling man-made systems, we are beginning to develop the theory and methodologies needed to build control systems at the molecular level, an endeavor that is as challenging as it is rewarding. If carried out responsibly, this new ability to reshape the DNA template can have a tremendous benefit for our health and well-being, and will drive major advances in basic science, industrial biotechnology, and medical therapy. In this article, I will take the readers of the proceedings on a journey through the new and promising world of rationally designed genetic control systems. Using a minimum of jargon, I will introduce them to the biological concepts needed to develop an understanding and appreciation of the main design concepts emerging in this nascent area of research. My goal is to convey my own sense of excitement about the possibilities, but it is also to impart a feeling of the opportunities that lay ahead for members of the IEEE to contribute with their own creative ideas to the shaping of this most versatile of design templates, the DNA.