Functional genomics of abiotic environmental adaptation in lacertid lizards and other vertebrates

• Published in: The Journal of animal ecology 2022-06, Vol.91 (6), p.1163-1179
• Main Authors: Wollenberg Valero, Katharina C., Garcia‐Porta, Joan, Irisarri, Iker, Feugere, Lauric, Bates, Adam, Kirchhof, Sebastian, Jovanović Glavaš, Olga, Pafilis, Panayiotis, Samuel, Sabrina F., Müller, Johannes, Vences, Miguel, Turner, Alexander P., Beltran‐Alvarez, Pedro, Storey, Kenneth B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abiotic factors; Acclimatization - genetics; Adaptation; Adaptation, Physiological - genetics; Animals; Cellular stress response; Climate adaptation; Climate Change; comparative genomics; constraint; environmental adaptation; functional genomics; Genes; Genomics; Lacertidae; Lizards; Lizards - genetics; Physiology; repeated positive diversifying selection; Selection, Genetic; Signatures; Species; Transcriptomes; Vertebrates
• ISSN: 0021-8790; 1365-2656
• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13617

Understanding the genomic basis of adaptation to different abiotic environments is important in the context of climate change and resulting short‐term environmental fluctuations. Using functional and comparative genomics approaches, we here investigated whether signatures of genomic adaptation to a set of environmental parameters are concentrated in specific subsets of genes and functions in lacertid lizards and other vertebrates. We first identify 200 genes with signatures of positive diversifying selection from transcriptomes of 24 species of lacertid lizards and demonstrate their involvement in physiological and morphological adaptations to climate. To understand how functionally similar these genes are to previously predicted candidate functions for climate adaptation and to compare them with other vertebrate species, we then performed a meta‐analysis of 1,100 genes under selection obtained from ‐omics studies in vertebrate species adapted to different abiotic factors. We found that the vertebrate gene set formed a tightly connected interactome, which was to 23% enriched in previously predicted functions of adaptation to climate, and to a large part (18%) involved in organismal stress response. We found a much higher degree of identical genes being repeatedly selected among different animal groups (43.6%), and of functional similarity and post‐translational modifications than expected by chance, and no clear functional division between genes used for ectotherm and endotherm physiological strategies. In total, 171 out of 200 genes of Lacertidae were part of this network. These results highlight an important role of a comparatively small set of genes and their functions in environmental adaptation and narrow the set of candidate pathways and markers to be used in future research on adaptation and stress response related to climate change. Adaptation to the abiotic environment is mediated through a relatively small network of genes across vertebrates that is functionally enriched, repeatedly selected across species and partially involved in the response to stress. This study may help to narrow down which genes are being used to respond to contemporary climate change.