Lead-free hybrid perovskite photocatalysts: surface engineering, charge-carrier behaviors, and solar-driven applications

Lead-based hybrid perovskites have sparked substantial research interest due to the immense progress in the fields of optoelectronics and photocatalysis. However, owing to the environmental issues of lead toxicity, lead-free hybrid perovskites (LFHPs) with non-toxic metal elements, such as bismuth,...

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Published in:Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability Materials for energy and sustainability, 2022-06, Vol.1 (23), p.12296-12316
Main Authors: Tang, Yunqi, Mak, Chun Hong, Jia, Guohua, Cheng, Kuan-Chen, Kai, Ji-Jung, Hsieh, Chang-Wei, Meng, Fanxu, Niu, Wenxin, Li, Fang-Fang, Shen, Hsin-Hui, Zhu, Xunjin, Chen, Hao Ming, Hsu, Hsien-Yi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bismuth
Carbon dioxide
Charge transport
Chemical composition
Chemical reactions
Chemical reduction
Chemical synthesis
Crystal structure
Current carriers
Hydrogen evolution
Lead free
Material properties
Optoelectronics
Perovskites
Photocatalysis
Photocatalysts
Strontium
Surface charge
Toxicity
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Summary:Lead-based hybrid perovskites have sparked substantial research interest due to the immense progress in the fields of optoelectronics and photocatalysis. However, owing to the environmental issues of lead toxicity, lead-free hybrid perovskites (LFHPs) with non-toxic metal elements, such as bismuth, strontium, etc. , have attracted considerable attention. LFHPs have been recognized as potential photocatalysts because their electronic structures can be easily adjusted by tuning their chemical compositions, crystal structures, and surface morphology. In recent years, the investigation of charge-carrier behaviours on surface-engineered LFHP photocatalysts has been spurting from solar-to-fuel conversion ( e.g. , hydrogen evolution and CO 2 reduction to CO or CH 4 ) to some organic reactions ( e.g. , organic synthesis and dye degradation). Therefore, in this Review , photocatalytical fundamentals and surface engineering to enhance the charge transport and separation of available photocatalysts are firstly introduced. Synthetic methods of hybrid perovskites with resultant material properties are then discussed. Finally, the performance of LFHPs in solar-driven applications is described. According to the results achieved, current challenges and future research directions in the development of lead-free hybrid perovskites for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency and stability are summarized. Lead-free hybrid perovskites (LFHPs) have sparked considerable research interest in photocatalysis. This review introduces the surface engineering and photophysical behaviors of LFHPs for diverse solar-induced photocatalytic applications.
ISSN:2050-7488
2050-7496
DOI:10.1039/d2ta01170k