Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction MRI: Techniques andapplications

The human brain constitutes 2% of the body's total mass but uses 20% of the oxygen. The rate of the brain's oxygen utilization can be derived from a knowledge of cerebral blood flow and the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Therefore, OEF is a key physiological parameter of the brain'...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Magnetic resonance in medicine 2022-08, Vol.88 (2), p.575-600
Main Authors: Jiang, Dengrong, Lu, Hanzhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers
Blood flow
Brain
Calibration
Cerebral blood flow
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Homeostasis
Inhalation
Magnetic permeability
Magnetic susceptibility
Metabolism
Oxygen
Physiology
Positron emission
Positron emission tomography
Radiation
Respiration
Reviews
Tomography
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Summary:The human brain constitutes 2% of the body's total mass but uses 20% of the oxygen. The rate of the brain's oxygen utilization can be derived from a knowledge of cerebral blood flow and the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Therefore, OEF is a key physiological parameter of the brain's function and metabolism. OEF has been suggested to be a useful biomarker in a number of brain diseases. With recent advances in MRI techniques, several MRI‐based methods have been developed to measure OEF in the human brain. These MRI OEF techniques are based on the T2 of blood, the blood signal phase, the magnetic susceptibility of blood‐containing voxels, the effect of deoxyhemoglobin on signal behavior in extravascular tissue, and the calibration of the BOLD signal using gas inhalation. Compared to 15O PET, which is considered the “gold standard” for OEF measurement, MRI‐based techniques are non‐invasive, radiation‐free, and are more widely available. This article provides a review of these emerging MRI‐based OEF techniques. We first briefly introduce the role of OEF in brain oxygen homeostasis. We then review the methodological aspects of different categories of MRI OEF techniques, including their signal mechanisms, acquisition methods, and data analyses. The strengths and limitations of the techniques are discussed. Finally, we review key applications of these techniques in physiological and pathological conditions.
ISSN:0740-3194
1522-2594
DOI:10.1002/mrm.29272