Carbonic anhydrases in metazoan model organisms: molecules, mechanisms, and physiology

During the past three decades, mice, zebrafish, fruit flies, and have been the primary model organisms used for the study of various biological phenomena. These models have also been adopted and developed to investigate the physiological roles of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and carbonic anhydrase-rela...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physiological reviews 2022-07, Vol.102 (3), p.1327-1383
Main Authors: Aspatwar, Ashok, Tolvanen, Martti E E, Barker, Harlan, Syrjänen, Leo, Valanne, Susanna, Purmonen, Sami, Waheed, Abdul, Sly, William S, Parkkila, Seppo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acid-Base Equilibrium
Animals
Carbonic Anhydrases
Geographical distribution
Homeostasis
Humans
Mice
Species Specificity
Zebrafish
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Summary:During the past three decades, mice, zebrafish, fruit flies, and have been the primary model organisms used for the study of various biological phenomena. These models have also been adopted and developed to investigate the physiological roles of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and carbonic anhydrase-related proteins (CARPs). These proteins belong to eight CA families and are identified by Greek letters: α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, and ι. Studies using model organisms have focused on two CA families, α-CAs and β-CAs, which are expressed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms with species-specific distribution patterns and unique functions. This review covers the biological roles of CAs and CARPs in light of investigations performed in model organisms. Functional studies demonstrate that CAs are not only linked to the regulation of pH homeostasis, the classical role of CAs, but also contribute to a plethora of previously undescribed functions.
ISSN:0031-9333
1522-1210
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00018.2021