Anthraquinone and its derivatives as sustainable materials for electrochemical applications - a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the redox potential in solution

• Published in: Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 2022-07, Vol.24 (26), p.1627-16219
• Main Authors: Gallmetzer, Josef M, Kröll, Stefanie, Werner, Daniel, Wielend, Dominik, Irimia-Vladu, Mihai, Portenkirchner, Engelbert, Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar, Hofer, Thomas S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anthraquinones; Chemical reduction; Chemistry; Density functional theory; Dimethylformamide; Electronic materials; Electronics; Oxidation-Reduction; Parameterization; Screening; Solvation
• ISSN: 1463-9076; 1463-9084; 1463-9084
• DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01717b

Anthraquinone (AQ) has long been identified as a highly promising lead structure for various applications in organic electronics. Considering the enormous number of possible substitution patterns of the AQ lead structure, with only a minority being commercially available, a systematic experimental screening of the associated electrochemical potentials represents a highly challenging and time consuming task, which can be greatly enhanced via suitable virtual pre-screening techniques. In this work the calculated electrochemical reduction potentials of pristine AQ and 12 hydroxy- or/and amino-substituted AQ derivatives in N , N -dimethylformamide have been correlated against newly measured experimental data. In addition to the calculations performed using density functional theory (DFT), the performance of different semi-empirical density functional tight binding (DFTB) approaches has been critically assessed. It was shown that the SCC DFTB/3ob parametrization in conjunction with the COSMO solvation model provides a highly adequate description of the electrochemical potentials also in the case of the two-fold reduced species. While the quality in the correlation against the experimental data proved to be slightly inferior compared to the employed DFT approach, the highly advantageous cost-accuracy ratio of the SCC DFTB/3ob/COSMO framework has important implications in the formulation of hierarchical screening strategies for materials associated with organic electronics. Based on the observed performance, the low-cost method provides sufficiently accurate results to execute efficient pre-screening protocols, which may then be followed by a DFT-based refinement of the best candidate structures to facilitate a systematic search for new, high-performance organic electronic materials. Correlations between quantum chemically determined 1- and 2e − electrochemical potentials for different AQ systems obtained at DFT and DFTB levels show very good agreement with newly measured experimental data determined via CV measurements.