Gamut of Orbital Lesions in a Tertiary Neurocenter-A Clinicopathological Study of Lesions Seen Over a Period of One Decade

• Published in: Neurology India 2022-05, Vol.70 (3), p.1069-1076
• Main Authors: Bhatt, Anusha, Nandeesh, Bevinahalli, Mhatre, Radhika, Mahadevan, Anita, Santosh, Vani, Yasha, T
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Retinoblastoma; Tumors
• ISSN: 0028-3886; 1998-4022
• DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.349632

Background: The orbital region is an anatomically complex area comprising crucial contiguous/adjacent structures. Since the eye has a neuroectodermal basis of embryogenesis, many of the lesions may be similar to those arising in the central nervous system. Objective: To record and describe the clinicopathological spectrum of orbital lesions presenting to a neurology center. Study Setting: The retrospective study included biopsy/resected specimens of patients with orbital/ophthalmic lesions referred to the Department of Neuropathology, between February 2007 and February 2018. Materials and Methods: The demographic, clinical, and radiological details were retrieved from the departmental archives and the slides were reviewed. Results: There were 99 cases in the period of the study (2007-2018) with a peak in fourth and fifth decades (age range: 5 months to 68 years; mean: 37.2 years; M: F =1.06: 1). Eighty-six (86.8%) cases had epicenter in the orbit, whereas 13 (13.13%) cases were extraorbital with orbital extension. The benign neoplasms predominated (50/99, 50.5%) followed by malignant neoplasms (24/99, 24.24%), infective conditions (11/99, 11.11%) and tumor like conditions (7/99, 7.07%). The most common benign tumor was vascular tumor (17/50, 34%) followed by meningioma (12/50, 24%), while epithelial malignant tumor (6/24, 25%) was the most common malignancy. Fungal infection was the most frequent infective condition (6/11, 54.5%). Conclusion: The spectrum of ocular-orbital lesions varies with the geographic area and the nature of the institute catering to the needs of patients. The spectrum of lesions that we encountered from a neurological institute was vastly different from that reported from ophthalmic centers with very low frequency of retinoblastomas.