Astaxanthin Ameliorates Diabetic Retinopathy in Swiss Albino Mice via Inhibitory Processes of Neuron-Specific Enolase Activity

Retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) occurs due to microvascular damage in retinal tissues provoked by high blood sugar levels. The available drugs for DR are limited. Astaxanthin (AST) has anti-hypertensive, anti-obesity, and anti-diabe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Processes 2022-07, Vol.10 (7), p.1318
Main Authors: Subramanian, Aswinprakash, Thirunavukkarasu, Jayaraman, Muthuraman, Arunachalam
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Albinism
Angiogenesis
Animals
Antihypertensives
Antioxidants
Astaxanthin
Blood
Catalase
Dexamethasone
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic retinopathy
Edema
Enzymes
Glucose
Hyperglycemia
L-Lactate dehydrogenase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Lactic acid
Metabolism
Microvasculature
Opto-kinetics
Oral administration
Phosphopyruvate hydratase
Proteins
Retina
Retinopathy
Streptozocin
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Summary:Retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) occurs due to microvascular damage in retinal tissues provoked by high blood sugar levels. The available drugs for DR are limited. Astaxanthin (AST) has anti-hypertensive, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties. However, the therapeutic effect of AST on DR remains elusive. The present study is designed to investigate the effects of AST on DR via inhibition of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) activity. DR was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg: intraperitoneal; and 20 μL of STZ: intravitreal) in mice. AST (10 and 20 mg/kg) was administered orally (p.o.) for 21 days. The DR associated visual changes were assessed at different time intervals via optokinetic motor response (OMR) and penta-maze (PM) tests. Blood glucose level as well as retinal catalase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), & neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were estimated. The reference drug i.e., dexamethasone (DEX, 10 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered for 21 days. The administration of AST showed significant ameliorative potential in DR. Hence, AST can be used as a natural medicine for the management of DR due to its potential antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and NSE inhibitory properties.
ISSN:2227-9717
2227-9717
DOI:10.3390/pr10071318