Cement and Concrete for Nuclear Waste Management

The safe management and disposal of radioactive wastes are of critical importance for maintaining a sustainable society. In nuclear waste management, cement and concrete are commonly used to immobilize radioactive waste. Cementation is a common technique used for conditioning low-level and intermedi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology 2022/07/05, Vol.20(Special_Issue), pp.S-1-S-227
Main Authors: Nakarai, Kenichiro, Kosakowski, Georg
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Admixtures
Aluminous cements
Bentonite
Calcium aluminate
Cement
Cement paste
Concrete
Contamination
Diffusion
Experiments
General overviews
High level radioactive wastes
Leaching
Low level radioactive wastes
Man made disasters
Moisture effects
Molecular dynamics
Nuclear power plants
Numerical analysis
Performance assessment
Project management
R&D
Radioactive waste disposal
Radioactive wastes
Radioisotopes
Recovery
Research & development
Sorption
Thermodynamic equilibrium
Waste management
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Summary:The safe management and disposal of radioactive wastes are of critical importance for maintaining a sustainable society. In nuclear waste management, cement and concrete are commonly used to immobilize radioactive waste. Cementation is a common technique used for conditioning low-level and intermediate-level radioactive wastes, which should ensure safe interim storage of waste packages and act as a first long-term barrier during waste disposal. In addition, cement-based materials are utilized for construction and barrier materials in surface disposals for very low-level to low-level waste and deep geological disposals for low-level, intermediate-level, and high-level wastes. Furthermore, recovery from the nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (F1NPS) is an important and urgent issue in Japan. To solve the difficult problems associated with radioactive contaminated materials in the plant and in the environment, contributions of cement and concrete technologies are highly expected.The understanding end prediction of the long-term evolution of cement materials interacting with wastes and other barrier materials during interim and final storage is indispensable and needs to be studied by experts from different scientific and engineering disciplines. The very long times associated with the safe disposal of radioactive waste, which are well beyond the lifetime of ordinal engineered structures and therefore not experimentally accessible, make this task even more demanding.n the first part of this special issue, three technical contributions summarize research and development projects for nuclear waste management with cement and concrete technologies in Japan. Nakarai et al. (20-359) and Ichikawa and Hamamoto (19-1275) give general overviews on the use of cement-based materials for low-level radioactive waste (LLW) and for high-level radioactive waste (HLW), respectively. Furthermore, Abe and Iida (20-236) present a comparative discussion of approaches used for LLW in Japan and Belgium. In the second part, the contributions concentrate on processes and applications related to the performance assessment of cement and concrete for nuclear waste management. The scientific papers describe sorption experiments with Cl, I, HTO, and C by Nedyalkova et al. (19-811), diffusion experiments with NaCl of leached cement paste by Kurmisawa et al. (19-426), leaching experiments of cement paste with quick setting admixture by Yokozeki et al. (19-1173), i
ISSN:1346-8014
1347-3913
DOI:10.3151/jact.20.0_S-1