Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Cellular Toxicity of Mg/Ca-Layered Double Hydroxide on Human Lung Carcinoma (A549) Cell Lines

• Published in: BioNanoScience 2022-09, Vol.12 (3), p.946-956
• Main Authors: Yousefipour, Kiana, Rahimi, Hamid-Reza, Shakibaei, Mojtaba, Ranjbar, Mehdi, Ameri, Atefeh, Adeli-Sardou, Mahboubeh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biological and Medical Physics; Biomarkers; Biomaterials; Biophysics; Calcium; Catalase; Circuits and Systems; Drug carriers; Drug delivery; Engineering; Evaluation; Glutathione; Hybrid systems; Hydroxides; Light scattering; Lung carcinoma; Magnesium; Malondialdehyde; Morphology; Nanostructure; Nanotechnology; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Particle size; Particle size distribution; Photon correlation spectroscopy; Reverse micelles; Scanning electron microscopy; Size distribution; Spectroscopy; Superoxide dismutase; Synthesis; Toxicity; Tumor cell lines; X-ray diffraction
• ISSN: 2191-1630; 2191-1649
• DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00959-1

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanostructures are bioinorganic hybrid systems considered for drug delivery. The aim of the present study was to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the cellular toxicity of Mg/Ca-LDH nanostructures. The Mg/Ca-LDHs were synthesized through microwave-assisted reverse micelle method. The final products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Also, the effect of microwave power was investigated based on the morphology, particle size, and distribution. The determination of IC 50 by MTT assay and an oxidative stress biomarker system, including the measurement of the levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), were used to evaluate the cellular toxicity of the synthesized nano-LDH in A549 cell line. The results indicated that the synthesized Mg/Ca-LDH nanostructures were layered and the size of the obtained ranged within 80–300 nm and the particle size distribution had a good shape. MTT results showed that the IC 50 value of the synthesized Mg/Ca-LDH (A, B, and C) nanostructures on the A549 cell line was 57.1 ± 5.3, 58.2 ± 5.7, and 93 ± 6.5 μg/mL, respectively. Determining oxidative stress factors such as glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase revealed the highest increase in glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase, and catalase and also the lowest level of malondialdehyde for the C sample has lower toxicity among the other preparations. Thus, Mg/Ca-LDH nanostructures can be considered as a new material drug carrier due to its properties such as well dispersed in size distribution, crystalline morphology, and uniformity. Among them, the C sample can be considered as a drug carrier and a new material due to its lower toxicity.