Improvement of Integrated Watershed Management in Indonesia for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review

• Published in: Sustainability 2022-08, Vol.14 (16), p.9997
• Main Authors: Basuki, Tyas Mutiara, Nugroho, Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi, Indrajaya, Yonky, Pramono, Irfan Budi, Nugroho, Nunung Puji, Supangat, Agung Budi, Indrawati, Dewi Retna, Savitri, Endang, Wahyuningrum, Nining, Purwanto, Cahyono, Sigit Andy, Putra, Pamungkas Buana, Adi, Rahardyan Nugroho, Nugroho, Agung Wahyu, Auliyani, Diah, Wuryanta, Agus, Riyanto, Heru Dwi, Harjadi, Beny, Yudilastyantoro, Casimerus, Hanindityasari, Luthfi, Nada, Firda Maftukhakh Hilmya, Simarmata, Daniel Pandapotan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptation; Air pollution; Climate change; Climate change adaptation; Climatic changes; Drought; Droughts; Emissions; Environmental aspects; Environmental health; Environmental protection; Germany; Global temperature changes; Greenhouse effect; Greenhouse gases; Indonesia; Land degradation; Landslides; Methods; Mitigation; Netherlands; Soil erosion; Sustainability; Sustainable development; United Kingdom; Watershed management; Watersheds
• ISSN: 2071-1050; 2071-1050
• DOI: 10.3390/su14169997

Climate change is a major challenge for Indonesia due to its impact on food, water, energy sustainability, and environmental health. Almost all Indonesian regions are exposed to floods, landslides, soil erosion, drought, and heavy rains. In response to these challenges, the Government of Indonesia has determined integrated watershed management (IWM) to be one of the key programs to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as stated in the updated Indonesian nationally determined contribution (NDC). This paper intends to review Indonesia′s efforts in mitigating and adapting to climate change through an IWM approach, and its attempts to realize a decent life and environment for all communities. Improvement of the IWM can be conducted by strengthening the synergy between the responsible institutions for watershed management and the responsible institutions for handling mitigation and adaptation of climate change impacts. In addition, it is important to prioritize coordination, participation, and collaboration not only at the national government level but also at the international level, since numerous problems may exist in the transboundary between countries, and finding solutions should involve planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Implementing the micro watershed model (MWM), supported by culture, local wisdom, and traditional knowledge in communities, can be used to improve the current IWM.