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Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Ain Azel territory, north-eastern Algeria
This study examined the degree of heavy metal contamination of Ain Azel territory in north-eastern Algeria. The groundwater quality was evaluated using water samples collected from 11 localities during May 2018. Thirteen physicochemical parameter values including temperature (T), pH, electric conduc...
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| Published in: | Sustainable water resources management 2022-10, Vol.8 (5), Article 163 |
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| creator | Kada, Houria Demdoum, Abdeslam Baali, Fethi Aouati, Hasna Eddine, Hamza Djemel |
| description | This study examined the degree of heavy metal contamination of Ain Azel territory in north-eastern Algeria. The groundwater quality was evaluated using water samples collected from 11 localities during May 2018. Thirteen physicochemical parameter values including temperature (T), pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca
2+
), magnesium (Mg
2+
), sodium (Na
+
), potassium (K
+
), bicarbonates (HCO
3
−
), sulfates (SO
4
2−
), chloride (Cl
−
), and nitrates (NO
3
−
) were recorded. Six heavy metals such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). All the results were compared with WHO standard for drinking water quality. Also, the data were used to estimate the pollution evaluation indices (HPI, HEI, C
d
), which indicated that 63.63% of the water samples had high HEI value and 72.72% of the total analyzed samples had high C
d
values, indicating high contamination in these samples. The high values of health risk assessment parameters (ADD, HQ, CR) for the groundwater samples predicted possible health risks to the local people by drinking metal-rich groundwater.
Principal component analysis unconnectedly grouped heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater and the calculated pollution indices. This correlation indicated that chromium and lead were responsible for the high values of HPI, HEI and C
d
obtained in this study. Therefore, there is lead and chromium pollution in the groundwater of the study area. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s40899-022-00748-4 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2710030454</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2710030454</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-a1843d5add8dcdcb2cc5361b40aef887bf78cbd5c1285098663d97b8abb3e6b43</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kEtPAyEUhYnRxKb2D7gicesoDPNglk2j1sTEja4Jr6m0M1CBVmv88TKO0Z2LG-6Fc84NHwDnGF1hhOrrUCDaNBnK8yyNBc2KIzDJSUWyEhXl8W9P6lMwC2GNEMIlrZq6mYDPpeb7A-x15B2UzkbeG8ujcRZyq6B-37qw8xp6EzaQh6BD6LWNcG84VN7YjbEruPJuZ9Ubj9pDY-F8qA_dwTR7E50_XELrfHzJNA_pLr12K-0NPwMnLe-Cnv2cU_B8e_O0WGYPj3f3i_lDJgluYsYxLYgquVJUSSVFLmVJKiwKxHVLaS3amkqhSolzWqKGVhVRTS0oF4LoShRkCi7G3K13rzsdIlu7nbdpJcvrhJAkTIMqH1XSuxC8btnWm577A8OIDaDZCJol0OwbNBtMZDSFJLbpV3_R_7i-AJL2g74</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2710030454</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Ain Azel territory, north-eastern Algeria</title><source>Springer Nature</source><creator>Kada, Houria ; Demdoum, Abdeslam ; Baali, Fethi ; Aouati, Hasna ; Eddine, Hamza Djemel</creator><creatorcontrib>Kada, Houria ; Demdoum, Abdeslam ; Baali, Fethi ; Aouati, Hasna ; Eddine, Hamza Djemel</creatorcontrib><description>This study examined the degree of heavy metal contamination of Ain Azel territory in north-eastern Algeria. The groundwater quality was evaluated using water samples collected from 11 localities during May 2018. Thirteen physicochemical parameter values including temperature (T), pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca
2+
), magnesium (Mg
2+
), sodium (Na
+
), potassium (K
+
), bicarbonates (HCO
3
−
), sulfates (SO
4
2−
), chloride (Cl
−
), and nitrates (NO
3
−
) were recorded. Six heavy metals such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). All the results were compared with WHO standard for drinking water quality. Also, the data were used to estimate the pollution evaluation indices (HPI, HEI, C
d
), which indicated that 63.63% of the water samples had high HEI value and 72.72% of the total analyzed samples had high C
d
values, indicating high contamination in these samples. The high values of health risk assessment parameters (ADD, HQ, CR) for the groundwater samples predicted possible health risks to the local people by drinking metal-rich groundwater.
Principal component analysis unconnectedly grouped heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater and the calculated pollution indices. This correlation indicated that chromium and lead were responsible for the high values of HPI, HEI and C
d
obtained in this study. Therefore, there is lead and chromium pollution in the groundwater of the study area.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2363-5037</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2363-5045</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s40899-022-00748-4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Atomic absorption spectrophotometry ; Bicarbonates ; Cadmium ; Calcium ; Calcium ions ; Chromium ; Contamination ; Copper ; Development Economics ; Dissolved solids ; Drinking water ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Electrical resistivity ; Evaluation ; Groundwater ; Groundwater quality ; Health risks ; Heavy metals ; Hydrogeology ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Iron ; Lead ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Nitrates ; Original Article ; Parameters ; Physicochemical processes ; Physicochemical properties ; Pollution ; Pollution index ; Potassium ; Principal components analysis ; Risk assessment ; Sodium ; Spectral analysis ; Spectrophotometers ; Sustainable Development ; Total dissolved solids ; Water analysis ; Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management ; Water quality ; Water quality standards ; Water sampling ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Sustainable water resources management, 2022-10, Vol.8 (5), Article 163</ispartof><rights>This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022</rights><rights>This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022.</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-a1843d5add8dcdcb2cc5361b40aef887bf78cbd5c1285098663d97b8abb3e6b43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-a1843d5add8dcdcb2cc5361b40aef887bf78cbd5c1285098663d97b8abb3e6b43</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8810-2180</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kada, Houria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demdoum, Abdeslam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baali, Fethi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aouati, Hasna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eddine, Hamza Djemel</creatorcontrib><title>Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Ain Azel territory, north-eastern Algeria</title><title>Sustainable water resources management</title><addtitle>Sustain. Water Resour. Manag</addtitle><description>This study examined the degree of heavy metal contamination of Ain Azel territory in north-eastern Algeria. The groundwater quality was evaluated using water samples collected from 11 localities during May 2018. Thirteen physicochemical parameter values including temperature (T), pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca
2+
), magnesium (Mg
2+
), sodium (Na
+
), potassium (K
+
), bicarbonates (HCO
3
−
), sulfates (SO
4
2−
), chloride (Cl
−
), and nitrates (NO
3
−
) were recorded. Six heavy metals such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). All the results were compared with WHO standard for drinking water quality. Also, the data were used to estimate the pollution evaluation indices (HPI, HEI, C
d
), which indicated that 63.63% of the water samples had high HEI value and 72.72% of the total analyzed samples had high C
d
values, indicating high contamination in these samples. The high values of health risk assessment parameters (ADD, HQ, CR) for the groundwater samples predicted possible health risks to the local people by drinking metal-rich groundwater.
Principal component analysis unconnectedly grouped heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater and the calculated pollution indices. This correlation indicated that chromium and lead were responsible for the high values of HPI, HEI and C
d
obtained in this study. Therefore, there is lead and chromium pollution in the groundwater of the study area.</description><subject>Atomic absorption spectrophotometry</subject><subject>Bicarbonates</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium ions</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Development Economics</subject><subject>Dissolved solids</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Electrical resistivity</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater quality</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Physicochemical processes</subject><subject>Physicochemical properties</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution index</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Spectral analysis</subject><subject>Spectrophotometers</subject><subject>Sustainable Development</subject><subject>Total dissolved solids</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water quality standards</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>2363-5037</issn><issn>2363-5045</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEtPAyEUhYnRxKb2D7gicesoDPNglk2j1sTEja4Jr6m0M1CBVmv88TKO0Z2LG-6Fc84NHwDnGF1hhOrrUCDaNBnK8yyNBc2KIzDJSUWyEhXl8W9P6lMwC2GNEMIlrZq6mYDPpeb7A-x15B2UzkbeG8ujcRZyq6B-37qw8xp6EzaQh6BD6LWNcG84VN7YjbEruPJuZ9Ubj9pDY-F8qA_dwTR7E50_XELrfHzJNA_pLr12K-0NPwMnLe-Cnv2cU_B8e_O0WGYPj3f3i_lDJgluYsYxLYgquVJUSSVFLmVJKiwKxHVLaS3amkqhSolzWqKGVhVRTS0oF4LoShRkCi7G3K13rzsdIlu7nbdpJcvrhJAkTIMqH1XSuxC8btnWm577A8OIDaDZCJol0OwbNBtMZDSFJLbpV3_R_7i-AJL2g74</recordid><startdate>20221001</startdate><enddate>20221001</enddate><creator>Kada, Houria</creator><creator>Demdoum, Abdeslam</creator><creator>Baali, Fethi</creator><creator>Aouati, Hasna</creator><creator>Eddine, Hamza Djemel</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-2180</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20221001</creationdate><title>Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Ain Azel territory, north-eastern Algeria</title><author>Kada, Houria ; Demdoum, Abdeslam ; Baali, Fethi ; Aouati, Hasna ; Eddine, Hamza Djemel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-a1843d5add8dcdcb2cc5361b40aef887bf78cbd5c1285098663d97b8abb3e6b43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Atomic absorption spectrophotometry</topic><topic>Bicarbonates</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium ions</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Development Economics</topic><topic>Dissolved solids</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Electrical resistivity</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater quality</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Hydrogeology</topic><topic>Hydrology/Water Resources</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Physicochemical processes</topic><topic>Physicochemical properties</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution index</topic><topic>Potassium</topic><topic>Principal components analysis</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Spectral analysis</topic><topic>Spectrophotometers</topic><topic>Sustainable Development</topic><topic>Total dissolved solids</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water quality standards</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kada, Houria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demdoum, Abdeslam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baali, Fethi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aouati, Hasna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eddine, Hamza Djemel</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><jtitle>Sustainable water resources management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kada, Houria</au><au>Demdoum, Abdeslam</au><au>Baali, Fethi</au><au>Aouati, Hasna</au><au>Eddine, Hamza Djemel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Ain Azel territory, north-eastern Algeria</atitle><jtitle>Sustainable water resources management</jtitle><stitle>Sustain. Water Resour. Manag</stitle><date>2022-10-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>5</issue><artnum>163</artnum><issn>2363-5037</issn><eissn>2363-5045</eissn><abstract>This study examined the degree of heavy metal contamination of Ain Azel territory in north-eastern Algeria. The groundwater quality was evaluated using water samples collected from 11 localities during May 2018. Thirteen physicochemical parameter values including temperature (T), pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca
2+
), magnesium (Mg
2+
), sodium (Na
+
), potassium (K
+
), bicarbonates (HCO
3
−
), sulfates (SO
4
2−
), chloride (Cl
−
), and nitrates (NO
3
−
) were recorded. Six heavy metals such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). All the results were compared with WHO standard for drinking water quality. Also, the data were used to estimate the pollution evaluation indices (HPI, HEI, C
d
), which indicated that 63.63% of the water samples had high HEI value and 72.72% of the total analyzed samples had high C
d
values, indicating high contamination in these samples. The high values of health risk assessment parameters (ADD, HQ, CR) for the groundwater samples predicted possible health risks to the local people by drinking metal-rich groundwater.
Principal component analysis unconnectedly grouped heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater and the calculated pollution indices. This correlation indicated that chromium and lead were responsible for the high values of HPI, HEI and C
d
obtained in this study. Therefore, there is lead and chromium pollution in the groundwater of the study area.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s40899-022-00748-4</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-2180</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Sustainable water resources management, 2022-10, Vol.8 (5), Article 163 |
| issn | 2363-5037 2363-5045 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Springer Nature |
| subjects | Atomic absorption spectrophotometry Bicarbonates Cadmium Calcium Calcium ions Chromium Contamination Copper Development Economics Dissolved solids Drinking water Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Electrical resistivity Evaluation Groundwater Groundwater quality Health risks Heavy metals Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Iron Lead Magnesium Manganese Nitrates Original Article Parameters Physicochemical processes Physicochemical properties Pollution Pollution index Potassium Principal components analysis Risk assessment Sodium Spectral analysis Spectrophotometers Sustainable Development Total dissolved solids Water analysis Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management Water quality Water quality standards Water sampling Zinc |
| title | Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Ain Azel territory, north-eastern Algeria |
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