Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and Daucus carota L. growing wild in Turkey

• Published in: Journal of Research in Pharmacy 2021, Vol.25(2) (25(2)), p.142-152
• Main Author: SERVİ-Ali ŞEN-Esra YILDIRIM SERVİ, Hüseyin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Gram-positive bacteria; Oils & fats
• ISSN: 2630-6344; 2630-6344
• DOI: 10.29228/jrp.5

The chemical composition of essential oils of aerial parts of Daucus carota (DEO) and Foeniculum vulgare (FEO) was specified by GC/MS. Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of oils were tested by α-glucosidase inhibitory, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory, DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging, and broth microdilution methods, respectively. Thirty components were identified in DEO (87.7%). Carotol (27.7%), elemicin (18.1%), and limonene (16.0%) were determined as the main compounds in DEO. Seventeen constituents were identified in FEO (100.0%). Estragole (34.0%), limonene (27.1%), and α-pinene (19.5%) were found as major components in FEO. Both oils displayed weak antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. However, the oils were not effective on Gram-positive bacteria. DEO with IC50 values of 1359 and 1579 μg/mL and FEO with IC50 values of 3106 and 1654 μg/mL showed weak antioxidant activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. DEO and FEO exhibited good anti-lipoxygenase activities with IC50 values of 87.24 and 58.35 μg/mL, respectively. DEO presented significantly α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 44.78 μg/mL while FEO displayed poor activity with an IC50 value of 1967 μg/mL. This study is the first report on the 5-lipoxygenase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of aerial parts of DEO as well as on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of aerial parts of FEO. These results indicated that DEO, which has a good antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity, is rich in oxygenated sesquiterpene and monoterpene. Also, it showed that FEO, which has a significant anti-inflammatory activity, is rich in monoterpene and phenylpropanoid.