A Study on the Possibility of Early Warning for Cochlodinium polykrikoides Blooms, Using Molecular Methods

The occurrence of HABs is known to be affected by multiple environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, nutrients, light, water chemistry, and biological activity. This study aimed to study the possibility of early warning for Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in southern Korean waters using...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water (Basel) 2022-10, Vol.14 (19), p.3115
Main Authors: Kang, Hye-Eun, Yoon, Tae-Ho, Park, Jong-Woo, Lim, Weol-Ae, Kang, Chang-Keun, Kim, Hyun-Woo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Aquaculture
Bacteria
Biological activity
Chemical activity
Coastal waters
Cochlodinium polykrikoides
Community structure
Cyanobacteria
DNA barcoding
Environmental factors
Methods
Microbial activity
Microorganisms
Nutrients
Phytoplankton
Plankton
Plasmids
Thermal cycling
Water analysis
Water chemistry
Water quality
Water sampling
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Summary:The occurrence of HABs is known to be affected by multiple environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, nutrients, light, water chemistry, and biological activity. This study aimed to study the possibility of early warning for Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in southern Korean waters using qPCR and metabarcoding analysis. We were able to detect C. polykrikoides via a sensitive technique, and confirmed the early warning potential of C. polykrikoides by quantitative PCR. To identify the microbial organisms related to the bloom caused by C. polykrikoides, metabarcoding analysis was conducted using 18 water samples collected from bloom sites in southern Korean waters between 2018 and 2019. Although there was no single group that could explain the successive blooms of C. polykrikoides, four taxa, including Gamma proteobacteria (0.588, p < 0.01), Verrucomicrobia (0.874, p < 0.01), Cyanobacteria (0.975, p < 0.01), and Cryptophyta, were related to C. polykrikoides blooms. When the HABs that occurred were caused by C. polykrikoides, although there were sites where the cells of C. polykrikoides were not detected, similar functions of the microbial communities operated in all southern Korean coastal waters. We identified that the phytoplankton community structure was divided into three or four, using metabarcoding analysis by sampling years.
ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w14193115