Enhancing diversity of OFDM with joint spread spectrum and subcarrier index modulations

This paper proposes a novel spread spectrum and sub-carrier index modulation (SS-SIM) scheme, which is integrated to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) framework to enhance the diversity over the conventional IM schemes. Particularly, the resulting scheme, called SS-SIM-OFDM, jointly...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Wireless networks 2022-11, Vol.28 (8), p.3739-3751
Main Authors: Ngo, Vu-Duc, Van Luong, Thien, Luong, Nguyen Cong, Trang, Mai Xuan, Le, Minh-Tuan, Le, Thi Thanh Huyen, Tran, Xuan-Nam
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Communications Engineering
Complexity
Computer Communication Networks
Electrical Engineering
Engineering
IT in Business
Modulation
Networks
Original Paper
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Spread spectrum
Subcarriers
Upper bounds
Wireless networks
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Summary:This paper proposes a novel spread spectrum and sub-carrier index modulation (SS-SIM) scheme, which is integrated to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) framework to enhance the diversity over the conventional IM schemes. Particularly, the resulting scheme, called SS-SIM-OFDM, jointly employs both spread spectrum and sub-carrier index modulations to form a precoding vector which is then used to spread an M -ary complex symbol across all active sub-carriers. As a result, the proposed scheme enables a novel transmission of three signal domains: SS and sub-carrier indices, and a single M -ary symbol. For practical implementations, two reduced-complexity near-optimal detectors are proposed, which have complexities less depending on the M -ary modulation size. Then, the bit error probability and its upper bound are analyzed to gain an insight into the diversity gain, which is shown to be strongly affected by the order of sub-carrier indices. Based on this observation, we propose two novel sub-carrier index mapping methods, which significantly increase the diversity gain of SS-SIM-OFDM. Finally, simulation results show that our scheme achieves better error performance than the benchmarks at the cost of lower spectral efficiency compared to classical OFDM and OFDM-IM, which can carry multiple M -ary symbols.
ISSN:1022-0038
1572-8196
DOI:10.1007/s11276-022-03092-9