Encapsulation of Bilberry Extract with Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic by Freeze-Drying: Formulation, Characterisation, and Storage Stability

Anthocyanins are polyphenolic plant pigments associated with antioxidant and health-promoting properties. However, their application in the food industry is limited due to their poor stability. The purpose of this study was to encapsulate anthocyanin-rich bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract by...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Processes 2022-10, Vol.10 (10), p.1991
Main Authors: Todorović, Ana, Šturm, Luka, Salević-Jelić, Ana, Lević, Steva, Osojnik Črnivec, Ilja Gasan, Prislan, Iztok, Skrt, Mihaela, Bjeković, Ana, Poklar Ulrih, Nataša, Nedović, Viktor
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anthocyanin
Anthocyanins
Bioavailability
Dextrins
Encapsulation
Ethanol
Food industry
Food products
Fourier transforms
Freeze drying
Functional foods
Gums
Maltodextrin
Microorganisms
Morphology
Phenolic compounds
Phenols
Pigments
Polyphenols
Room temperature
Shelf life
Spoilage
Storage stability
Type 2 diabetes
Water activity
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Summary:Anthocyanins are polyphenolic plant pigments associated with antioxidant and health-promoting properties. However, their application in the food industry is limited due to their poor stability. The purpose of this study was to encapsulate anthocyanin-rich bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract by freeze-drying and to investigate the effects of different wall materials and extract contents on the physicochemical and bioactive properties of the obtained encapsulates. Ethanolic bilberry extract was encapsulated with the use of maltodextrin (16.5–19.5 DE) (MD), gum Arabic (GA), and their combination in a 1:1 w/w ratio (MIX). Bilberry solids to wall material ratios were examined at 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60. All encapsulates showed an attractive red colour and low water activity values (aw ≤ 0.3) that indicated a low risk of microbial spoilage. In general, the biggest losses of total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins during three-week storage in the dark and at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C) were detected in the case of encapsulates with a higher content of bilberry extract (MIX30 and MIX40, and GA30 and GA40, respectively). The use of maltodextrin provided the best protection to bilberry anthocyanins during forced storage. Overall, the obtained encapsulates show suitable potential for the development of food products with added nutritional benefits.
ISSN:2227-9717
2227-9717
DOI:10.3390/pr10101991