Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by UV-254 nm Radiation for the Degradation of Crystal Violet

Water is a precious natural resource. Unfortunately, bodies of water become polluted by waste, such as untreated wastewater and detritus, along with oil spills, with minimum or no consideration for their limited capacity to renew themselves. Among these pollutants, dyes are harmful as they are persi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water (Basel) 2022-11, Vol.14 (21), p.3440
Main Authors: Ali, Noreen, Khan, Ashfaq Ahmad, Wakeel, Muhammad, Khan, Ijaz Ahmed, Din, Salah Ud, Qaisrani, Saeed Ahmad, Khan, Abdul Majid, Hameed, Muhammad Usman
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anions
Aquatic life
Biodegradability
Biodegradation
By products
Carcinogens
Cationic dyes
Chemical properties
Color removal
Comparative analysis
Control
Crystals
Detritus
Dyes
Environmental aspects
Environmental degradation
Gentian violet
Ions
Natural resources
Nitrogen dioxide
Oil spills
Organic chemicals
Organic contaminants
Oxidation
Pollutants
Potassium
Purification
Sewage
Sodium
Ultraviolet radiation
Wastewater
Water pollution
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Summary:Water is a precious natural resource. Unfortunately, bodies of water become polluted by waste, such as untreated wastewater and detritus, along with oil spills, with minimum or no consideration for their limited capacity to renew themselves. Among these pollutants, dyes are harmful as they are persistent and not biodegradable in nature. The present study demonstrates the removal of crystal violet (CV), a toxic cationic dye, by using three systems: Peroxymonosulfate (PMS), UV-254 nm radiation and UV/P5MS. The effects of various parameters, such as the effects of the initial dose of crystal violet, initial concentration of PMS, pH, typical inorganic ions, etc., were also investigated. The effect of pH was investigated in the range of 1.92–12.07. Similarly, the effect of various anions such as NO2•−, HCO3•−, CO3•2−, SO4•2− and CH3COO•− was investigated for the degradation of target pollutants. The order of degradation of crystal violet was UV/PMS > PMS > UV with removal efficiencies of 97%, 76% and 42%, respectively, at reaction times of 60 min. The degradation of crystal violet was enhanced significantly at a pH range of 10.52–12.07. Electrical energy per order (EE/O) values for UV/PMS, PMS and UV were calculated to be 1.68, 3.62 and 48.96 KWh/m3/order, respectively. The addition of inorganic ions inhibited the removal of CV in the order of SO4•2− > NO2•− > HCO3•− > CO3•2− > CH3COO•−. Moreover, the kinetic studies on the degradation of CV by the UV-254 nm, PMS, and UV/PMS systems, were also carried out and found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. The study revealed that oxidation processes are most efficacious for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater.
ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w14213440