Evaluating Strain Limits of Embedded FBG Sensors in Pultruded Hybrid Composite Rods

This paper demonstrates that relatively inexpensive acrylate coated FBGs can survive short exposure times to high temperatures in a pultrusion process and monitor relatively low magnitude bending and axial tension strains in a composite material. However, under higher sustained axial loads, the obse...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on power delivery 2022-12, Vol.37 (6), p.5025-5032
Main Authors: Waters, Daniel H., Kumosa, Maciej, Hoffman, Joseph
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Axial loads
Bending
Carbon
composite materials
Conductors
Elongation
Fiber-Bragg gratings
High temperature
Hybrid composites
Optical fiber sensors
Optical fibers
Rods
Strain
strain sensors
Temperature measurement
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c225t-a4c98b5d7f43b92a563587dc00edb02204f910f674f33c07cb2404ad40e313a33
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c225t-a4c98b5d7f43b92a563587dc00edb02204f910f674f33c07cb2404ad40e313a33
container_end_page 5032
container_issue 6
container_start_page 5025
container_title IEEE transactions on power delivery
container_volume 37
creator Waters, Daniel H.
Kumosa, Maciej
Hoffman, Joseph
description This paper demonstrates that relatively inexpensive acrylate coated FBGs can survive short exposure times to high temperatures in a pultrusion process and monitor relatively low magnitude bending and axial tension strains in a composite material. However, under higher sustained axial loads, the observed interfacial failure of the optical fiber and the host material resulted in a significant reduction of the indicated strains during constant elongation. These findings are analyzed by experimental measurements supported by finite element simulations. The optimal placement of embedded optical fibers in the rods is discussed based on the limitations of the rods and the mechanical strength of the commercially available optical fibers.
doi_str_mv 10.1109/TPWRD.2022.3166070
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_ieee_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2739336853</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ieee_id>9754264</ieee_id><sourcerecordid>2739336853</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c225t-a4c98b5d7f43b92a563587dc00edb02204f910f674f33c07cb2404ad40e313a33</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNo9kMtOwzAQRS0EEqXwA7CxxDpl_EgcL6H0gVSJqi1iaTmxg1y1cbETpP49Ca1YzWLuuaM5CN0TGBEC8mmz_Fy9jihQOmIky0DABRoQyUTCKeSXaAB5nia5FOIa3cS4BQAOEgZoPfnRu1Y3rv7C6yZoV-OF27smYl_hyb6wxliDpy8zvLZ19CHiLrFsd01o-8X8WARn8NjvDz66xuKVN_EWXVV6F-3deQ7Rx3SyGc-Txfvsbfy8SEpK0ybRvJR5kRpRcVZIqtOMpbkwJYA1RfcJ8EoSqDLBK8ZKEGVBOXBtOFhGmGZsiB5PvYfgv1sbG7X1bai7k4oKJhnL8rRP0VOqDD7GYCt1CG6vw1ERUL089SdP9fLUWV4HPZwgZ639B6RIOc04-wWHt2oI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2739336853</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Evaluating Strain Limits of Embedded FBG Sensors in Pultruded Hybrid Composite Rods</title><source>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Journals</source><creator>Waters, Daniel H. ; Kumosa, Maciej ; Hoffman, Joseph</creator><creatorcontrib>Waters, Daniel H. ; Kumosa, Maciej ; Hoffman, Joseph</creatorcontrib><description>This paper demonstrates that relatively inexpensive acrylate coated FBGs can survive short exposure times to high temperatures in a pultrusion process and monitor relatively low magnitude bending and axial tension strains in a composite material. However, under higher sustained axial loads, the observed interfacial failure of the optical fiber and the host material resulted in a significant reduction of the indicated strains during constant elongation. These findings are analyzed by experimental measurements supported by finite element simulations. The optimal placement of embedded optical fibers in the rods is discussed based on the limitations of the rods and the mechanical strength of the commercially available optical fibers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-8977</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1937-4208</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2022.3166070</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITPDE5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Axial loads ; Bending ; Carbon ; composite materials ; Conductors ; Elongation ; Fiber-Bragg gratings ; High temperature ; Hybrid composites ; Optical fiber sensors ; Optical fibers ; Rods ; Strain ; strain sensors ; Temperature measurement</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on power delivery, 2022-12, Vol.37 (6), p.5025-5032</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c225t-a4c98b5d7f43b92a563587dc00edb02204f910f674f33c07cb2404ad40e313a33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c225t-a4c98b5d7f43b92a563587dc00edb02204f910f674f33c07cb2404ad40e313a33</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7426-8347 ; 0000-0001-5846-7007</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9754264$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,54796</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Waters, Daniel H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumosa, Maciej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffman, Joseph</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluating Strain Limits of Embedded FBG Sensors in Pultruded Hybrid Composite Rods</title><title>IEEE transactions on power delivery</title><addtitle>TPWRD</addtitle><description>This paper demonstrates that relatively inexpensive acrylate coated FBGs can survive short exposure times to high temperatures in a pultrusion process and monitor relatively low magnitude bending and axial tension strains in a composite material. However, under higher sustained axial loads, the observed interfacial failure of the optical fiber and the host material resulted in a significant reduction of the indicated strains during constant elongation. These findings are analyzed by experimental measurements supported by finite element simulations. The optimal placement of embedded optical fibers in the rods is discussed based on the limitations of the rods and the mechanical strength of the commercially available optical fibers.</description><subject>Axial loads</subject><subject>Bending</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>composite materials</subject><subject>Conductors</subject><subject>Elongation</subject><subject>Fiber-Bragg gratings</subject><subject>High temperature</subject><subject>Hybrid composites</subject><subject>Optical fiber sensors</subject><subject>Optical fibers</subject><subject>Rods</subject><subject>Strain</subject><subject>strain sensors</subject><subject>Temperature measurement</subject><issn>0885-8977</issn><issn>1937-4208</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo9kMtOwzAQRS0EEqXwA7CxxDpl_EgcL6H0gVSJqi1iaTmxg1y1cbETpP49Ca1YzWLuuaM5CN0TGBEC8mmz_Fy9jihQOmIky0DABRoQyUTCKeSXaAB5nia5FOIa3cS4BQAOEgZoPfnRu1Y3rv7C6yZoV-OF27smYl_hyb6wxliDpy8zvLZ19CHiLrFsd01o-8X8WARn8NjvDz66xuKVN_EWXVV6F-3deQ7Rx3SyGc-Txfvsbfy8SEpK0ybRvJR5kRpRcVZIqtOMpbkwJYA1RfcJ8EoSqDLBK8ZKEGVBOXBtOFhGmGZsiB5PvYfgv1sbG7X1bai7k4oKJhnL8rRP0VOqDD7GYCt1CG6vw1ERUL089SdP9fLUWV4HPZwgZ639B6RIOc04-wWHt2oI</recordid><startdate>20221201</startdate><enddate>20221201</enddate><creator>Waters, Daniel H.</creator><creator>Kumosa, Maciej</creator><creator>Hoffman, Joseph</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-8347</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-7007</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20221201</creationdate><title>Evaluating Strain Limits of Embedded FBG Sensors in Pultruded Hybrid Composite Rods</title><author>Waters, Daniel H. ; Kumosa, Maciej ; Hoffman, Joseph</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c225t-a4c98b5d7f43b92a563587dc00edb02204f910f674f33c07cb2404ad40e313a33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Axial loads</topic><topic>Bending</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>composite materials</topic><topic>Conductors</topic><topic>Elongation</topic><topic>Fiber-Bragg gratings</topic><topic>High temperature</topic><topic>Hybrid composites</topic><topic>Optical fiber sensors</topic><topic>Optical fibers</topic><topic>Rods</topic><topic>Strain</topic><topic>strain sensors</topic><topic>Temperature measurement</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Waters, Daniel H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumosa, Maciej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffman, Joseph</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEL</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics &amp; Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical &amp; Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on power delivery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Waters, Daniel H.</au><au>Kumosa, Maciej</au><au>Hoffman, Joseph</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluating Strain Limits of Embedded FBG Sensors in Pultruded Hybrid Composite Rods</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on power delivery</jtitle><stitle>TPWRD</stitle><date>2022-12-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>5025</spage><epage>5032</epage><pages>5025-5032</pages><issn>0885-8977</issn><eissn>1937-4208</eissn><coden>ITPDE5</coden><abstract>This paper demonstrates that relatively inexpensive acrylate coated FBGs can survive short exposure times to high temperatures in a pultrusion process and monitor relatively low magnitude bending and axial tension strains in a composite material. However, under higher sustained axial loads, the observed interfacial failure of the optical fiber and the host material resulted in a significant reduction of the indicated strains during constant elongation. These findings are analyzed by experimental measurements supported by finite element simulations. The optimal placement of embedded optical fibers in the rods is discussed based on the limitations of the rods and the mechanical strength of the commercially available optical fibers.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TPWRD.2022.3166070</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-8347</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-7007</orcidid></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0885-8977
ispartof IEEE transactions on power delivery, 2022-12, Vol.37 (6), p.5025-5032
issn 0885-8977
1937-4208
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_journals_2739336853
source IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Journals
subjects Axial loads
Bending
Carbon
composite materials
Conductors
Elongation
Fiber-Bragg gratings
High temperature
Hybrid composites
Optical fiber sensors
Optical fibers
Rods
Strain
strain sensors
Temperature measurement
title Evaluating Strain Limits of Embedded FBG Sensors in Pultruded Hybrid Composite Rods
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-05T11%3A01%3A47IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_ieee_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evaluating%20Strain%20Limits%20of%20Embedded%20FBG%20Sensors%20in%20Pultruded%20Hybrid%20Composite%20Rods&rft.jtitle=IEEE%20transactions%20on%20power%20delivery&rft.au=Waters,%20Daniel%20H.&rft.date=2022-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=5025&rft.epage=5032&rft.pages=5025-5032&rft.issn=0885-8977&rft.eissn=1937-4208&rft.coden=ITPDE5&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109/TPWRD.2022.3166070&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_ieee_%3E2739336853%3C/proquest_ieee_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c225t-a4c98b5d7f43b92a563587dc00edb02204f910f674f33c07cb2404ad40e313a33%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2739336853&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_ieee_id=9754264&rfr_iscdi=true