Microwave abetted preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite for orthopedic application with in vitro evidence

• Main Authors: Natarajan, N., Prabasheela, B.
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; Biomedical materials; Cell growth; Chemical composition; Crystallography; Fourier transforms; Grafting; Hydroxyapatite; Infrared spectroscopy; Orthopedics; Precipitates; Raman spectroscopy; Slaked lime; Spectrum analysis; Substitute bone; Synthesis
• ISSN: 0094-243X; 1551-7616
• DOI: 10.1063/5.0108429

Hydroxyapatite is a synthetic bone graft that is the most emerging biocompatible ceramic due to its osteoconduction, hardness, and acceptability by the human system because the mineral content’s chemical composition is similar to that of normal bones and human solid tissues. Hydroxyapatite, with the chemical formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, has been widely used as an orthopedic composite. In this study, an advanced microwave technique is used to demonstrate a fast and effective method of synthesizing hydroxyapatite, and the intermolecular changes obtained are confirmed using various characterization techniques. The precursors of calcium hydroxide source (Ca(OH)2) were reacted with diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate [(NH4)2HPO4] solution and microwave heated for 30 minutes at 80° C while maintaining the pH between 9-10. Nanohydroxyapatite was produced directly in the solution as a result of microwave irradiation and was involved in crystallographic conversion. The precipitates were calcined at 1100° C with a slow RAMP rate of 5° C/minute to make them more crystalline in nature.. Sample characterization was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the in-vitro cell proliferation study was conducted to address the biocompatibility of the synthesized hydroxyapatite. The results were confirmed as the nanostructured hydroxyapatite meeting the standard specification of universal standard database (ICDD) and the FTIR confirmed the presence of PO4 peaks at 1087 cm−1, 983 cm−1 etc., further confirmed through Raman spectroscopy with the strong intensity at 963 cm−1. The cell proliferation studies proved that the cell viability is more than 80 % which declared the bio-compatibility nature of the synthesized nanohydroxyapatite.