Hydrogen production from wastewater, storage, economy, governance and applications: a review

In the context of climate change, most of the actual dihydrogen production is not sustainable with about 96% of the 60 million tons of dihydrogen produced annually generated by reforming of fossil fuels, calling for cleaner methods of dihydrogen production. Here we review dihydrogen production from...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental chemistry letters 2022-12, Vol.20 (6), p.3453-3504
Main Authors: Elgarahy, Ahmed M., Eloffy, M. G., Hammad, Ahmed, Saber, Ayman N., El-Sherif, Dina M., Mohsen, Ahmed, Abouzid, Mohamed, Elwakeel, Khalid Z.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternative energy sources
Ammonia
Analytical Chemistry
Carbon dioxide
Climate change
Crude oil
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Electrochemistry
Electrolysis
Electrolytic cells
Emissions
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Fermentation
Food industry
Fossil fuels
Fuel cells
Gasification
Geochemistry
Governance
Greenhouse effect
Hydrogen production
Metals
Methods
Natural gas
Photolysis
Pollution
Production methods
Reforming
Review
Storage
Wastewater
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Summary:In the context of climate change, most of the actual dihydrogen production is not sustainable with about 96% of the 60 million tons of dihydrogen produced annually generated by reforming of fossil fuels, calling for cleaner methods of dihydrogen production. Here we review dihydrogen production from wastewater with focus on biological methods, electrochemical methods, dihydrogen storage, techno-economic aspects, governance and applications. Methods include fermentation, photolysis, photocatalysis, electrolysis and supercritical water gasification. Applications comprise refining crude oil, ammonia production, the food industry, metal extraction, pharmaceuticals, fuel cells, combustion engines, power generation and energy carrier.
ISSN:1610-3653
1610-3661
DOI:10.1007/s10311-022-01480-3