Weight Loss During Diets That Are Concordant (vs. Discordant) With the Genotype: The POINTS RCT

• Published in: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Md.), 2022-11, Vol.30, p.260-261
• Main Authors: Höchsmann, Christoph, Yang, Shengping, Ordovas, Jose, Dorling, James, Champagne, Catherine, Apolzan, John, Greenway, Frank, Cardel, Michelle, Foster, Gary, Martin, Corby
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carbohydrates; Diet; Genotype & phenotype
• ISSN: 1930-7381; 1930-739X

Background: Differences in weight loss between isocaloric highcarbohydrate and high-fat diets are generally small; however, weight loss responses vary within diet groups. Genotype patterns may modify the effects of diets, but findings are equivocal. We investigated whether weight loss on a diet concordant with one's presumed genotype (fat-responsive vs. carbohydrate-responsive genotype) differs from weight loss on a diet discordant with one's genotype. Methods: The Personalized Nutrition Study (POINTS) was a 12-week weight loss trial that enrolled 145 participants with overweight or obesity into one of four groups: (1) presumed fat-responsive genotype receiving a high-fat diet, (2) fat-responsive genotype receiving a highcarbohydrate diet, (3) carbohydrate-responsive genotype receiving a high-fat diet, and (4) carbohydrate-responsive genotype receiving a high-carbohydrate diet. Carbohydrate- and fat-responders were identified a prioribased on their combined genotypes at 10 genetic variants. Dietitians delivered the weight loss intervention via 12 weekly diet-specific small group sessions. The primary outcome was 12-week weight change (kg and %). Results: In total, 122 participants (54.4 [SD=13.2] years, BMI 34.9 [SD=5.1] kg/m2, 84% women, 68% White) were included in the analyses. Weight change at 12 weeks was -5.3 kg (95% CI: -6.4, -4.2) in the genotype-concordant diet groups (groups 1 and 4 combined) compared to -4.7 kg (95% CI: -5.8, -3.6) in the genotypediscordant diet groups (groups 2 and 3), with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.501). Results were similar for percent weight loss. When analyzing fat responders (n=85) and carbohydrate responders (n=37) separately, we similarly found no difference in weight change (kg) between those with a genotypeconcordant diet and those with a genotype-discordant diet (p=0.779 and p=0.487, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that weight loss on a high-fat diet compared to a high-carbohydrate diet does not differ by genotype.