In Situ Kinetic Observations on Crystal Nucleation and Growth

Nucleation and growth are critical steps in crystallization, which plays an important role in determining crystal structure, size, morphology, and purity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of nucleation and growth is crucial to realize the controllable fabrication of crystalline products with...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical reviews 2022-12, Vol.122 (23), p.16911-16982
Main Authors: Li, Junjie, Deepak, Francis Leonard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Colloids - chemistry
Controllability
Crystal growth
Crystal structure
Crystallization
Crystals
Diffusion
Fabrication
Kinetics
Metal compounds
Nucleation
Substrates
Surface reactions
Temperature
Temperature dependence
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Summary:Nucleation and growth are critical steps in crystallization, which plays an important role in determining crystal structure, size, morphology, and purity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of nucleation and growth is crucial to realize the controllable fabrication of crystalline products with desired and reproducible properties. Based on classical models, the initial crystal nucleus is formed by the spontaneous aggregation of ions, atoms, or molecules, and crystal growth is dependent on the monomer’s diffusion and the surface reaction. Recently, numerous in situ investigations on crystallization dynamics have uncovered the existence of nonclassical mechanisms. This review provides a summary and highlights the in situ studies of crystal nucleation and growth, with a particular emphasis on the state-of-the-art research progress since the year 2016, and includes technological advances, atomic-scale observations, substrate- and temperature-dependent nucleation and growth, and the progress achieved in the various materials: metals, alloys, metallic compounds, colloids, and proteins. Finally, the forthcoming opportunities and challenges in this fascinating field are discussed.
ISSN:0009-2665
1520-6890
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01067