Determination of karst spring characteristics in complex geological setting using MODKARST model: Azmak Spring, SW Turkey

The MODKARST mathematical code is used to simulate both brackish and non-brackish karst springs and provides useful information on the hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics of their aquifers. Next to this, MODKARST can also explain the often peculiar behavior of these springs, inherited f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Arabian journal of geosciences 2023, Vol.16 (1), Article 4
Main Authors: Katsanou, Konstantina, Maramathas, Athanasios, Sağır, Çağdaş, Kurtuluş, Bedri, Baba, Alper, Lambrakis, Nikolaos
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquifers
Carbonates
Chemical analysis
Chlorides
Coastal aquifers
Complexity
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth science
Earth Sciences
Fractures
Geology
Hydrogeology
Hydrographs
Hydrology
Karst
Original Paper
Recession
Saline water intrusion
Salt water intrusion
Seawater
Simulation
Water analysis
Water springs
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Summary:The MODKARST mathematical code is used to simulate both brackish and non-brackish karst springs and provides useful information on the hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics of their aquifers. Next to this, MODKARST can also explain the often peculiar behavior of these springs, inherited from the complexity of the structures that most of the times form fractures, cavities, and conduits in carbonate formations in tectonically complex areas. The simulation focuses on explaining the complex behavior of the Azmak spring. Azmak is a large brackish karst spring in SW Turkey, which displays peculiarities both in terms of its hydrograph and seawater intrusion mechanism. In particular, during the recession period, contrary to the chloride concentrations of its water which appears more or less stable, its hydrograph shows fluctuations. The MODKARST simulation showed that the discharge fluctuation during the recession period is due to the operation of a siphon, while the abnormal variation of its chloride content is due to its predominant seawater intrusion mechanism which is the Venturi effect.
ISSN:1866-7511
1866-7538
DOI:10.1007/s12517-022-11049-7