Don't go breaking apart: Anthropogenic disturbances predict meadow fragmentation of an endangered seagrass

• Published in: Aquatic conservation 2023-01, Vol.33 (1), p.56-69
• Main Authors: Swadling, Daniel S., West, Greg J., Gibson, Peter T., Laird, Roger J., Glasby, Tim M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anthropogenic factors; Aquaculture; Boats; Brackishwater environment; Breakwaters; Catchment area; Coastal development; Coastal zone; cumulative impacts; disturbance; Disturbances; Ecosystem disturbance; endangered species; Estuaries; estuary; Fragmentation; Habitat fragmentation; habitat loss; Habitats; Human influences; Human populations; humans; Infrastructure; Jetties; Leases; Marine molluscs; Mooring; Polyculture (aquaculture); Posidonia; Sea grasses; seagrass; Seagrasses; seascape ecology; Shellfish; Sustainable design; Urbanization
• ISSN: 1052-7613; 1099-0755
• DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3905

Although it is well established that human activities are linked to the loss of seagrasses worldwide, the influence of anthropogenic disturbances on the habitat fragmentation of seagrass meadows is less understood. This information is essential to identify how humans are modifying seascapes and what disturbances pose the greatest risk to seagrasses, which is pertinent given the rapid urbanization occurring in coastal areas. This study examined how the habitat fragmentation of an endangered seagrass Posidonia australis varied in relation to several anthropogenic disturbances (i.e. human population, marine infrastructure, terrestrial run‐off and catchment land‐usage) within 10 estuaries across 620 km of coastline in New South Wales, Australia. When comparing between estuaries, the fragmentation of P. australis meadows was significantly greater in estuaries adjacent to highly populated metropolitan centres – generally in the Greater Sydney region. At sites within estuaries, the density of boat moorings was the most important predictor of habitat fragmentation, but there was also evidence of higher fragmentation with increased numbers of jetties and oyster aquaculture leases. These results suggest that the fragmentation of seagrass meadows will become more pervasive as the human population continues to grow and estuarine development increases. Strategies to mitigate anthropogenic disturbances on seagrass meadow fragmentation could include prohibiting the construction of boat moorings and other artificial structures in areas where seagrasses are present or promoting environmentally friendly designs for marine infrastructure. This knowledge will support ongoing management actions attempting to balance coastal development and the conservation of seagrasses.