Entertaining Beliefs in Economic Mobility

• Published in: American journal of political science 2023-01, Vol.67 (1), p.39-54
• Main Author: Kim, Eunji
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Attribution; Entertainment; Experiments; Income inequality; Internet; Mass media effects; Mobility; Narratives; Polls & surveys; Prospects; Redistribution; Social mobility; Socioeconomic status; Television; Viewers; Wealth
• ISSN: 0092-5853; 1540-5907
• DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12702

Americans have long believed in upward mobility and the narrative of the American Dream. Even in the face of rising income inequality and substantial empirical evidence that economic mobility has declined in recent decades, many Americans remain convinced of the prospects for upward mobility. What explains this disconnect? I argue that their media diets play an important role in explaining this puzzle. Specifically, contemporary Americans are watching a record number of entertainment TV programs that emphasize “rags‐to‐riches” narratives. I demonstrate that such shows have become a ubiquitous part of the media landscape over the last two decades. Online and lab‐in‐the‐field experiments as well as national surveys show that exposure to these programs increases viewers’ beliefs in the American Dream and promotes internal attributions of wealth. Media exemplars present in what Americans leisurely consume every day can powerfully distort economic perceptions and have important implications for public preferences for economic redistribution.