Characterization and Climatological Modeling of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) Crest Position

The Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) is characterized by strong ionospheric gradients that complicate ionospheric modeling and mitigation of ionospheric impact on Global Navigation Satellite System applications. In this study, the variation of EIA crest locations as a function of longitude and so...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2022-12, Vol.127 (12), p.n/a
Main Authors: Nigussie, Melessew, Jakowski, Norbert, Hoque, Mainul
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Climate models
crest
EIA
Equator
Equatorial ionization anomaly
equatorial ionosphere
Field strength
Geomagnetic field
Geomagnetism
Global navigation satellite system
Ion density
Ion density (concentration)
Ionization
Ionosphere
Ionospheric models
magnetic latitude
Meteorology
Modelling
Navigation satellites
Navigation systems
Satellite constellations
Satellites
Solar flux
trough
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Summary:The Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) is characterized by strong ionospheric gradients that complicate ionospheric modeling and mitigation of ionospheric impact on Global Navigation Satellite System applications. In this study, the variation of EIA crest locations as a function of longitude and solar radio flux index F10.7 has been derived and modeled. Seven years (2013–2019) of ionospheric NmF2 and in‐situ ion density data from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate and Swarm‐A satellites have been used. We find that the distance between the northern and southern crest of EIA grows slightly with increase of solar flux. The position of the crests of EIA follows a wave number 4 structure with peak values at around −130°, 0°, and 100°E. At the altitude of Swarm‐A (∼460 km), the equatorial crests are found closer to the geomagnetic dip equator than they are at the peak density height hmF2 (∼310 km) which may be due to the spatial variations of geomagnetic field strength. Accordingly, two Crest Position climatological Models have been developed, one for the F2 Peak height (CPM_F2P) and the other one for Swarm‐A height (CPM_SAH). Key Points At higher altitudes the crests of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) are found closer to the dip equator than the crests at lower altitude The positions of the EIA crests show a weak linear correlation with solar radio flux (F10.7) Empirical models for the position of EIA crests are developed
ISSN:2169-9380
2169-9402
DOI:10.1029/2022JA030798