Use of Efficient and Low-Cost Trimetallic Based on Zero-Valent Iron, Immobilized on Bentonite Surface to Remove Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine Dyes Using Response Surface Optimization Method

• Published in: Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2023-02, Vol.234 (2), p.79, Article 79
• Main Authors: Yahyaeian, Mehrnaz, Zeraatkar Moghaddam, Ali, Fooladi, Ebrahim
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adsorbents; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Azo dyes; Bentonite; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts; Color; Color removal; Colour; Contaminants; Copper; Design optimization; Diffraction; Dye concentrations; Dyes; Earth and Environmental Science; Electron microscopes; Electron microscopy; Environment; Environmental monitoring; Food additives; Food industry; Foods; Fourier transforms; Hydrogeology; Iron; Low cost; Nanocomposites; Removal; Response surface methodology; Scanning electron microscopy; Silver; Soil Science & Conservation; Spectrometry; Surface properties; Tartrazine; Toxicity; Transmission electron microscopy; Water Quality/Water Pollution; X rays; X-ray diffraction
• ISSN: 0049-6979; 1573-2932
• DOI: 10.1007/s11270-022-06018-5

  Tartrazine (TT) and sunset yellow (SSY) dyes are synthetic organic dyes widely used in the food industry as an additive to improve the taste and color of food. The effects of these dyes have been considered due to their toxicity to humans and the ecosystem. In this study, trimetallic based on Fe–Cu–Ag, set on the surface of bentonite (Ben@ Fe–Cu–Ag) as a low-cost, environmentally friendly adsorbent, was used for catalytic removal of the dyes mentioned above . The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to investigate the surface properties of the proposed nanocomposite. The central composite design was utilized to model and optimize the reduction method. The highest removal efficiency for TT and SSY were achieved at optimum operating conditions at pH 3, adsorbent dosage 4 mg mL −1 , and dye concentrations 100 mg L −1 . Under the obtained optimal conditions, the adsorption, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters were examined. The performance of this nanocomposite was investigated by removing the color contaminants in the water.