Conventional and advanced detection approaches of fluoride in water: a review

Fluorine is a naturally occurring element found in soil, water, food materials, and natural minerals such as fluorapatite, sellaite, and cryolite and exists as fluoride compounds with other elements because of high reactivity. The exposure of fluoride to the environment and human beings are industri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental monitoring and assessment 2023-02, Vol.195 (2), p.325, Article 325
Main Authors: Khatkar, Rahul, Nagpal, Suman
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Body organs
Chromatography
Cryolite
Dental fluorosis
Detection
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecology
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Management
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental science
Fluorapatite
Fluorides
Fluorides - analysis
Fluorine
Fluorosis
Fluorosis, Dental
Food
Food industry
Foods
Gas chromatography
Human beings
Humans
Lesions
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Reviews
Soil water
Teeth
Thyroid
Water - analysis
Water Supply
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Summary:Fluorine is a naturally occurring element found in soil, water, food materials, and natural minerals such as fluorapatite, sellaite, and cryolite and exists as fluoride compounds with other elements because of high reactivity. The exposure of fluoride to the environment and human beings are industrial factors, food, water, and geogenic factors that impact the health of millions of human beings worldwide. Overexposure to fluoride exceeding the permissible limit (1.5 mg/l as per WHO) causes several diseases in human beings, such as teeth mottling, thyroid inflammation, dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, lesions in the kidney, and other organs. To overcome the deleterious impact of fluoride, its detection at an early stage is very much required. Therefore, feeling the importance of the same, immense efforts have been made to the selective and sensitive determination of fluoride in water by numerous researchers. This review paper summarizes the various conventional methods such as spectroscopic, ion chromatography, ICP-OES, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, their advantages, and drawbacks leading to the development of advanced ready-to-use detection strategies such as stamartphones for on-the-spot fluoride detection. This review paper also discusses future directions, which will assist scientists in achieving a new benchmark in developing a reliable, cost-effective, and user-friendly fluoride detector.
ISSN:0167-6369
1573-2959
DOI:10.1007/s10661-022-10888-x