The effect of temperature and distance of hot airflow on the quality of MAPbCl3 thin films grown by sol–gel deposition

• Published in: Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics 2023-02, Vol.34 (4), p.252, Article 252
• Main Authors: El-Yahyaoui, Asmae, Jaber, Boujemaâ, Laanab, Larbi, El Mahi, Mohammed, Lotfi, El Mostapha
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air flow; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry and Materials Science; Energy gap; Germination; Homogeneity; Materials Science; Nucleation; Optical and Electronic Materials; Optical properties; Perovskites; Physical properties; Sol-gel processes; Spin coating; Temperature; Temperature effects; Thin films
• ISSN: 0957-4522; 1573-482X
• DOI: 10.1007/s10854-022-09736-y

In the framework of this paper, the advantages of the hot airflow performed during synthesis of MAPbCl 3 by spin-coating process are investigated. Besides, the effect of airflow position and temperature on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the prepared films has been studied. The experimental results show a distinct dependency of the perovskite’s physical properties on temperature and position of the airflow. Such as, the increase of airflow temperature from 50 to 150 °C results in a net improvement of the continuity and crystallinity of the prepared films. As well, the optical analysis indicates that the direct band-gap energy changed from 2.98 to 2.94 eV. On the other hand, the distance between the airflow and the elaborated films has been varied from 5 to 15 cm for different airflow temperatures (50 °C–150°C). Hence, Continuous MAPbCl 3 layers with good homogeneity (germination process) were obtained for low distances (5 cm). At this specific distance, SEM images show a high homogenous nucleation with the surface nearly entirely covered when the airflow temperature reaches 100 °C. These later parameters (5 cm/100 °C) are considered as optimal in order to synthetize high-quality continuous MAPbCl 3 films.