Liquefaction resistance of TP-Lisbon sand: a critical state interpretation using in situ and laboratory testing

This paper describes a comprehensive characterisation of liquefaction resistance of a sandy soil collected from the ‘Terreiro do Paço’ in the historical centre of Lisbon (Portugal), denominated as TP-Lisbon sand. This natural sand has experienced earthquake-induced liquefaction caused by the 1755 ea...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bulletin of earthquake engineering 2023-01, Vol.21 (2), p.767-790
Main Authors: Viana da Fonseca, António, Molina-Gómez, Fausto, Ferreira, Cristiana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Civil Engineering
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Earthquakes
Effective stress
Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
Field tests
Geophysics/Geodesy
Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences
Hydrogeology
In situ tests
Inversion effects
Laboratories
Laboratory tests
Liquefaction
Numerical analysis
Original Article
Safety factors
Sand
Sandy soils
Seismic activity
Seismic response
Shear tests
Simple shear tests
Soil mechanics
Stresses
Structural Geology
Test procedures
Testing
Testing procedures
Tests
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Summary:This paper describes a comprehensive characterisation of liquefaction resistance of a sandy soil collected from the ‘Terreiro do Paço’ in the historical centre of Lisbon (Portugal), denominated as TP-Lisbon sand. This natural sand has experienced earthquake-induced liquefaction caused by the 1755 earthquake. The characterisation was carried out by combining in situ with laboratory tests. The results of in situ tests allowed obtaining the factor of safety profiles against liquefaction, liquefaction potential index and liquefaction severity number. On the other hand, an experimental programme conducted in the laboratory allowed defining the cyclic resistance ratio for different relative densities and mean effective stresses of TP-Lisbon sand. Besides, the effects of inversion and rotation of principal stresses on liquefaction resistance were examined by advanced testing procedures (i.e. cyclic triaxial and cyclic direct simple shear tests). The results of this study were analysed within the critical state soil mechanics framework by comparing the state parameter reported by in situ and laboratory testing, particularly when using remoulded soil specimens. The data presented in this study provide a database for numerical analyses and cyclic or seismic geotechnical design, following a framework appropriate to natural sands susceptible to liquefaction phenomena.
ISSN:1570-761X
1573-1456
DOI:10.1007/s10518-022-01577-8