Characterizing Operating Condition-Based Formaldehyde Emissions of Light-Duty Diesel Trucks in China Using a PEMS-HCHO System

Formaldehyde (HCHO) plays a critical role in atmospheric photochemistry and public health. While existing studies have suggested that vehicular exhaust is an important source of HCHO, the operating condition-based diesel truck HCHO emission measurements remain severely limited due to the limited tem...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2023-01, Vol.57 (4), p.1592-1599
Main Authors: Zhu, Manni, Ou, Jiamin, Liao, Songdi, Yu, Fei, Lu, Menghua, Sha, Qinge, Liu, Junwen, Zhong, Hancheng, Wu, Zeyan, Zhong, Zhuangmin, Zheng, Junyu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollutants - analysis
Anthropogenic Impacts on the Atmosphere
China
Cold starts
Diesel
Driving conditions
Emission analysis
Emission measurements
Emission standards
Emissions control
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Formaldehyde
Gasoline
Light emission
Liquid chromatography
Measurement techniques
Motor Vehicles
Photochemistry
Public health
Temporal resolution
Trucks
Vehicle emissions
Vehicle Emissions - analysis
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Summary:Formaldehyde (HCHO) plays a critical role in atmospheric photochemistry and public health. While existing studies have suggested that vehicular exhaust is an important source of HCHO, the operating condition-based diesel truck HCHO emission measurements remain severely limited due to the limited temporal resolution and accuracy of measurement techniques. In this study, we characterized the second-by-second HCHO emissions from 29 light-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs) in China over dynamometer and real-world driving tests using a portable online HCHO emission measurement system (PEMS-HCHO), considering various operating conditions. Our results suggested that the HCHO emissions from LDDTs might be underestimated by the widely used offline DNPH-HPLC method. The HCHO emissions at a 200 s cold start from China V LDDT can be up to 50 mg/start. Different driving conditions over dynamometer and real-world driving tests led to a 2–4 times difference in the HCHO emission factors (EFs). Under real-world hot-running conditions, the HCHO EFs of China III, IV, V, and VI LDDTs were 43.5 ± 35.7, 10.6 ± 14.2, 8.8 ± 5.1, and 3.2 ± 1.2 mg/km, respectively, which significantly exceeded the latest California low emission vehicle III HCHO emission standard (2.5 mg/km). These findings highlighted the significant impact of vehicle operating conditions on HCHO emissions and the urgency of regulating HCHO emissions from LDDTs in China.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.2c07744