Maternal chemical defenses predict offspring defenses in a dendrobatid poison frog

Within and among populations, alkaloid defenses of the strawberry poison frog ( Oophaga pumilio ) vary spatially, temporally, and with life history stage. Natural variation in defense has been implicated as a critical factor in determining the level of protection afforded against predators and patho...

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Published in:Oecologia 2023-02, Vol.201 (2), p.385-396
Main Authors: Brooks, Olivia L., James, Jessie J., Saporito, Ralph A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alkaloids
Amphibians
Amphibiotic species
Animals
Anura
Behavioral Ecology–Original Research
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Chemical defense
Composition
Ecology
Female
Frogs
Humans
Hydrology/Water Resources
Juveniles
Larva
Life history
Life Sciences
Mothers
Offspring
Oophaga pumilio
Palatability
Pathogens
Plant Sciences
Poisons
Predators
Protection
Provisioning
Variation
Wildlife conservation
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Saporito, Ralph A.
description Within and among populations, alkaloid defenses of the strawberry poison frog ( Oophaga pumilio ) vary spatially, temporally, and with life history stage. Natural variation in defense has been implicated as a critical factor in determining the level of protection afforded against predators and pathogens. Oophaga pumilio tadpoles sequester alkaloids from nutritive eggs and are, thus, entirely dependent on their mothers for their defense. However, it remains unclear how tadpole alkaloid composition relates to that of its mother and how variation in maternally provisioned defenses might result in varying levels of protection against predators. Here, we demonstrate that natural variation in the alkaloid composition of a mother frog is reflected as variation in her tadpole’s alkaloid composition. Tadpoles, like mother frogs, varied in their alkaloid composition but always contained the identical alkaloids found in their mother. Alkaloid quantity in tadpoles was highly correlated with alkaloid quantity in their mothers. Additionally, alkaloid quantity was the best predictor of tadpole palatability, wherein tadpoles with higher alkaloid quantities were less palatable. Mother frogs with greater quantities of alkaloids are, thus, providing better protection for their offspring by provisioning chemical defenses during one of the most vulnerable periods of life.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00442-023-05314-z
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subjects Alkaloids
Amphibians
Amphibiotic species
Animals
Anura
Behavioral Ecology–Original Research
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Chemical defense
Composition
Ecology
Female
Frogs
Humans
Hydrology/Water Resources
Juveniles
Larva
Life history
Life Sciences
Mothers
Offspring
Oophaga pumilio
Palatability
Pathogens
Plant Sciences
Poisons
Predators
Protection
Provisioning
Variation
Wildlife conservation
title Maternal chemical defenses predict offspring defenses in a dendrobatid poison frog
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