Intermolecular degradation of aromatic compound and its derivatives via combined sequential and hybridized process

• Published in: Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 2023-03, Vol.46 (3), p.359-371
• Main Authors: Lau, Yen-Yie, Wong, Yee-Shian, Ong, Soon-An, Lutpi, Nabilah Aminah, Sam, Sung-Ting, Teng, Tjoon-Tow, Eng, Kim-Mun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aniline; Aromatic compounds; Benzene; Benzene - analysis; Biotechnology; Carcinogens; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Coagulation; Deamination; Degradability; Degradation; Energy of dissociation; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology; Environmental Pollutants; Flocculation; Food Science; Fourier transforms; Free energy; Gas chromatography; Heat of formation; Industrial and Production Engineering; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Infrared spectroscopy; Intermediates; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Reduction; Research Paper; Spectrophotometry; Wastewater; Wastewater discharges; Wastewater treatment; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water treatment
• ISSN: 1615-7591; 1615-7605
• DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02743-7

The under-treated wastewater, especially remaining carcinogenic aromatic compounds in wastewater discharge has been expansively reported, wherein the efficiency of conventional wastewater treatment is identified as the primary contributor source. Herein, the advancement of wastewater treatments has drawn much attention in recent years. In the current study, combined sequential and hybridized treatment of thermolysis and coagulation–flocculation provides a novel advancement for environmental emerging pollutant (EP) prescription. This research is mainly demonstrating the mitigation efficiency and degradation pathway of pararosaniline (PRA) hybridized and combined sequential wastewater treatment. Notably, PRA degradation dominantly via a linkage of reaction: thermal cleavage, deamination, silication and diazene reduction. Thermolysis acts as an initiator for the PRA decomposition through thermally induced bond dissociation energy (BDE) for molecular fragmentation whilst coagulation–flocculation facilitates the formation of organo-bridged silsesquioxane as the final degradation product. Different from conventional treatment, the hybridized treatment showed excellent synergistic degradability by removing 99% PRA and its EPs, followed by combined sequential treatment method with 86% reduction. Comprehensive degradation pathway breakdown of carcinogenic and hardly degradable aromatic compounds provides a new insight for wastewater treatment whereby aniline and benzene are entirely undetectable in effluent. The degradation intermediates, reaction derivatives and end products were affirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (GC–MS, FTIR and UV–Vis). This finding provides valuable guidance in establishing efficient integrated multiple-step wastewater treatments. Graphical abstract