Modeling the Relative Contribution of Matrix Dislocations and M23C6 Coarsening to Acoustic Nonlinearity in 9Cr-1Mo Stainless Steel

9Cr-1Mo tempered martensite stainless steels are highly desirable for their corrosion resistance and creep strength. Standard austenitizing followed by thermal aging of the material results in several microstructural processes that can affect the classical nonlinearity β. These include dislocation d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2023-03, Vol.42 (1), Article 25
Main Authors: Fuchs, Brian, Kim, Jin-Yeon, Rodríguez, Vania M., Ruiz, Alberto, Jacobs, Laurence J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging (materials)
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chromium molybdenum steels
Classical Mechanics
Control
Corrosion resistance
Creep strength
Dislocation density
Dynamical Systems
Engineering
Grain boundaries
Heat treatment
Martensitic stainless steels
Modelling
Nonlinearity
Qualitative analysis
Reduction
Solid Mechanics
Tempered martensite
Vibration
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Summary:9Cr-1Mo tempered martensite stainless steels are highly desirable for their corrosion resistance and creep strength. Standard austenitizing followed by thermal aging of the material results in several microstructural processes that can affect the classical nonlinearity β. These include dislocation density decreases over time and carbide precipitation and growth in the material. This research explores contributions to β by combined processes of dislocation reduction and grain boundary precipitate M 23 C 6 growth in a 9Cr-1Mo steel. The Thermo-Calc DICTRA module is used to predict the coarsening of grain boundary M 23 C 6 and this is verified through experimental measurement via SEM. Dislocation density reduction models are based on experimental data from previous measurements of dislocation density in heat-treated 9Cr-1Mo. The predictions of radius and dislocation density are then applied to relationships established by simplified physics-based models. The model shows good qualitative agreement with experimental results, though further exploration of modeling assumptions is needed before definitive quantitative modeling can be done.
ISSN:0195-9298
1573-4862
DOI:10.1007/s10921-023-00937-x